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Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be largely attributed to the use of neural networks. However, this black-box approach fails to explain the learned policy in a human understandable way. To address this challenge and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Zhihao Ma , Yuzheng Zhuang , Paul Weng , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Dong Li , Wulong Liu , Jianye Hao

Neurosymbolic AI is an increasingly active area of research that combines symbolic reasoning methods with deep learning to leverage their complementary benefits. As knowledge graphs are becoming a popular way to represent heterogeneous and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Lauren Nicole DeLong , Ramon Fernández Mir , Jacques D. Fleuriot

Explainability is an essential reason limiting the application of neural networks in many vital fields. Although neuro-symbolic AI hopes to enhance the overall explainability by leveraging the transparency of symbolic learning, the results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xin Zhang , Victor S. Sheng

Computational context understanding refers to an agent's ability to fuse disparate sources of information for decision-making and is, therefore, generally regarded as a prerequisite for sophisticated machine reasoning capabilities, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Alessandro Oltramari , Jonathan Francis , Cory Henson , Kaixin Ma , Ruwan Wickramarachchi

Knowledge representation and reasoning in neural networks have been a long-standing endeavor which has attracted much attention recently. The principled integration of reasoning and learning in neural networks is a main objective of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Son Tran , Edjard Mota , Artur d'Avila Garcez

Integrating symbolic techniques with statistical ones is a long-standing problem in artificial intelligence. The motivation is that the strengths of either area match the weaknesses of the other, and $\unicode{x2013}$ by combining the two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jonathan Feldstein , Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle , Efthymia Tsamoura

The recent developments and growing interest in neural-symbolic models has shown that hybrid approaches can offer richer models for Artificial Intelligence. The integration of effective relational learning and reasoning methods is one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Henrique Lemos , Pedro Avelar , Marcelo Prates , Luís Lamb , Artur Garcez

Current advances in Artificial Intelligence and machine learning in general, and deep learning in particular have reached unprecedented impact not only across research communities, but also over popular media channels. However, concerns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Marco Gori , Luis C. Lamb , Luciano Serafini , Michael Spranger , Son N. Tran

Neuro-symbolic learning was proposed to address challenges with training neural networks for complex reasoning tasks with the added benefits of interpretability, reliability, and efficiency. Neuro-symbolic learning methods traditionally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adam Stein , Aaditya Naik , Neelay Velingker , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

Despite numerous successes in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), the learned policies are not interpretable. Moreover, since DRL does not exploit symbolic relational representations, it has difficulties in coping with structural changes in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Rishi Hazra , Luc De Raedt

Neuro-symbolic AI is an effective method for improving the overall performance of AI models by combining the advantages of neural networks and symbolic learning. However, there are differences between the two in terms of how they process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xin Zhang , Victor S. Sheng

Despite the practical success of Artificial Intelligence (AI), current neural AI algorithms face two significant issues. First, the decisions made by neural architectures are often prone to bias and brittleness. Second, when a chain of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Sushmita Paul , Jinqiang Yu , Jip J. Dekker , Alexey Ignatiev , Peter J. Stuckey

Current advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have achieved unprecedented impact across research communities and industry. Nevertheless, concerns about trust, safety, interpretability and accountability of AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Artur d'Avila Garcez , Luis C. Lamb

Neuro-symbolic reinforcement learning (NS-RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for explainable decision-making, characterized by the interpretability of symbolic policies. NS-RL entails structured state representations for tasks with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Lirui Luo , Guoxi Zhang , Hongming Xu , Yaodong Yang , Cong Fang , Qing Li

Neurosymbolic artificial intelligence is a growing field of research aiming to combine neural network learning capabilities with the reasoning abilities of symbolic systems. Informed multi-label classification is a sub-field of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Arthur Ledaguenel , Céline Hudelot , Mostepha Khouadjia

There exist applications of reinforcement learning like medicine where policies need to be ''interpretable'' by humans. User studies have shown that some policy classes might be more interpretable than others. However, it is costly to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Hector Kohler , Quentin Delfosse , Waris Radji , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

Deep learning has become the dominant approach for creating high capacity, scalable models across diverse data modalities. However, because these models rely on a large number of learned parameters, tightly couple feature extraction with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Adam Gould , Francesca Toni

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have shown to be amongst the most important artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in educational applications, providing adaptive educational services. However, their educational potential is limited in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Danial Hooshyar , Roger Azevedo , Yeongwook Yang

Neurosymbolic artificial intelligence (AI) systems combine neural network and classical symbolic AI mechanisms to exploit the complementary strengths of large scale, generalizable learning and robust, verifiable reasoning. Numerous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Aniruddha Chattopadhyay , Raj Dandekar , Kaushik Roy

General logical reasoning, defined as the ability to reason deductively on domain-agnostic tasks, continues to be a challenge for large language models (LLMs). Current LLMs fail to reason deterministically and are not interpretable. As…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Michael K. Chen
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