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We propose a method to create document representations that reflect their internal structure. We modify Tree-LSTMs to hierarchically merge basic elements such as words and sentences into blocks of increasing complexity. Our Structure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Khalil Mrini , Claudiu Musat , Michael Baeriswyl , Martin Jaggi

When a vision-language model (VLM) is prompted to identify an entity depicted in an image, it may answer 'I see a conifer,' rather than the specific label 'norway spruce'. This raises two issues for evaluation: First, the unconstrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson , Kevin Du , Niklas Stoehr , Serge Belongie , Ryan Cotterell , Nico Lang , Stella Frank

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) methods. However, a key limitation of existing approaches is that rewards defined at the full trajectory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhicheng Yang , Zhijiang Guo , Yinya Huang , Xiaodan Liang , Yiwei Wang , Jing Tang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) embed private or copyrighted information not only in their final answers but also throughout multi-step chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, making reliable unlearning far more demanding than in standard LLMs. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Sangyeon Yoon , Wonje Jeung , Albert No

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in automating discourse annotation for conversations. While manually designing tree annotation schemes significantly improves annotation quality for humans and models, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Kseniia Petukhova , Ekaterina Kochmar

Discourse representation tree structure (DRTS) parsing is a novel semantic parsing task which has been concerned most recently. State-of-the-art performance can be achieved by a neural sequence-to-sequence model, treating the tree…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Qiankun Fu , Yue Zhang , Jiangming Liu , Meishan Zhang

We propose DocFormerv2, a multi-modal transformer for Visual Document Understanding (VDU). The VDU domain entails understanding documents (beyond mere OCR predictions) e.g., extracting information from a form, VQA for documents and other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Srikar Appalaraju , Peng Tang , Qi Dong , Nishant Sankaran , Yichu Zhou , R. Manmatha

We introduce VAREX (VARied-schema EXtraction), a benchmark for evaluating multimodal foundation models on structured data extraction from government forms. VAREX employs a Reverse Annotation pipeline that programmatically fills PDF…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Udi Barzelay , Ophir Azulai , Inbar Shapira , Idan Friedman , Foad Abo Dahood , Madison Lee , Abraham Daniels

Many analysis and prediction tasks require the extraction of structured data from unstructured texts. However, an annotation scheme and a training dataset have not been available for training machine learning models to mine structured data…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chaochao Zhou , Bo Yang

Recently developed pre-trained text-and-layout models (PTLMs) have shown remarkable success in multiple information extraction tasks on visually-rich documents (VrDs). However, despite achieving extremely high performance on benchmarks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Chong Zhang , Yixi Zhao , Yulu Xie , Chenshu Yuan , Yi Tu , Ya Guo , Mingxu Chai , Ziyu Shen , Yue Zhang , Qi Zhang

In the domain of Document AI, parsing semi-structured image form is a crucial Key Information Extraction (KIE) task. The advent of pre-trained multimodal models significantly empowers Document AI frameworks to extract key information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Xianfu Cheng , Hang Zhang , Jian Yang , Xiang Li , Weixiao Zhou , Fei Liu , Kui Wu , Xiangyuan Guan , Tao Sun , Xianjie Wu , Tongliang Li , Zhoujun Li

Remote sensing imagery has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its instrumental role in global environmental monitoring, land usage monitoring, and more. As image databases grow each year, performing automatic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jielu Zhang , Zhongliang Zhou , Gengchen Mai , Mengxuan Hu , Zihan Guan , Sheng Li , Lan Mu

Metric learning has the aim to improve classification accuracy by learning a distance measure which brings data points from the same class closer together and pushes data points from different classes further apart. Recent research has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Benjamin Paaßen

Natural language spatial video grounding aims to detect the relevant objects in video frames with descriptive sentences as the query. In spite of the great advances, most existing methods rely on dense video frame annotations, which require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Mengze Li , Tianbao Wang , Haoyu Zhang , Shengyu Zhang , Zhou Zhao , Jiaxu Miao , Wenqiao Zhang , Wenming Tan , Jin Wang , Peng Wang , Shiliang Pu , Fei Wu

Audio classification can distinguish different kinds of sounds, which is helpful for intelligent applications in daily life. However, it remains a challenging task since the sound events in an audio clip is probably multiple, even…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-22 Jiaxu Chen , Jing Hao , Kai Chen , Di Xie , Shicai Yang , Shiliang Pu

Recent Transformer-based summarization models have provided a promising approach to abstractive summarization. They go beyond sentence selection and extractive strategies to deal with more complicated tasks such as novel word generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Sajad Sotudeh , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Franck Dernoncourt , Nazli Goharian

Tree search has recently emerged as a powerful framework for aligning generative models with task-specific rewards at test time. Applying tree search to Masked Diffusion Language Models, however, introduces two key challenges: (i) parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zichao Yu , Ming Li , Wenyi Zhang , Weiguo Gao

How can one analyze detailed 3D biological objects, such as neurons and botanical trees, that exhibit complex geometrical and topological variation? In this paper, we develop a novel mathematical framework for representing, comparing, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Guan Wang , Hamid Laga , Anuj Srivastava

Understanding documents with rich layouts is an essential step towards information extraction. Business intelligence processes often require the extraction of useful semantic content from documents at a large scale for subsequent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Sanket Biswas , Ayan Banerjee , Josep Lladós , Umapada Pal

Document structure extraction has been a widely researched area for decades with recent works performing it as a semantic segmentation task over document images using fully-convolution networks. Such methods are limited by image resolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Milan Aggarwal , Hiresh Gupta , Mausoom Sarkar , Balaji Krishnamurthy