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LLM inference and serving systems have become security-critical infrastructure; however, many of their most concerning failures arise from the serving layer rather than from model behavior alone. Modern inference engines combine KV cache,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yunze Zhao , Yibo Zhao , Yuchen Zhang , Zaoxing Liu , Michelle L. Mazurek

Fuzzing is a popular technique for finding software bugs. However, the performance of the state-of-the-art fuzzers leaves a lot to be desired. Fuzzers based on symbolic execution produce quality inputs but run slow, while fuzzers based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Peng Chen , Hao Chen

Fuzzing is one of the prevailing methods for vulnerability detection. However, even state-of-the-art fuzzing methods become ineffective after some period of time, i.e., the coverage hardly improves as existing methods are ineffective to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Shunkai Zhu , Jingyi Wang , Jun Sun , Jie Yang , Xingwei Lin , Liyi Zhang , Peng Cheng

Fuzzing has become the de facto standard technique for finding software vulnerabilities. However, even state-of-the-art fuzzers are not very efficient at finding hard-to-trigger software bugs. Most popular fuzzers use evolutionary guidance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Dongdong She , Kexin Pei , Dave Epstein , Junfeng Yang , Baishakhi Ray , Suman Jana

Jailbreak vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), which exploit meticulously crafted prompts to elicit content that violates service guidelines, have captured the attention of research communities. While model owners can defend…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Dongyu Yao , Jianshu Zhang , Ian G. Harris , Marcel Carlsson

Fuzz testing has been used to find bugs in programs since the 1990s, but despite decades of dedicated research, there is still no consensus on which fuzzing techniques work best. One reason for this is the paucity of ground truth: bugs in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Joshua Bundt , Andrew Fasano , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , William Robertson , Tim Leek

SystemC-based virtual prototypes have emerged as widely adopted tools to test software ahead of hardware availability, reducing the time-to-market and improving software reliability. Recently, fuzzing has become a popular method for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Chiara Ghinami , Jonas Winzer , Nils Bosbach , Lennart M. Reimann , Lukas Jünger , Simon Wörner , Rainer Leupers

The increasing complexity of modern processors poses many challenges to existing hardware verification tools and methodologies for detecting security-critical bugs. Recent attacks on processors have shown the fatal consequences of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Aakash Tyagi , Addison Crump , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Garrett Persyn , Jeyavijayan Rajendran , Patrick Jauernig , Rahul Kande

The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) has become essential to secure inter-domain routing. Despite its critical role, RPKI software remains largely untested beyond shallow parsing. Existing fuzzers, like AFL++ or libFuzzer, do not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haya Schulmann , Niklas Vogel

Despite its long-standing popularity and fundamental role in an operating system, the Unix shell has rarely been a subject of academic research. In particular, regardless of the significant progress in compiler testing, there has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Riccardo Felici , Laura Pozzi , Carlo A. Furia

Fuzzing is a powerful technique for finding bugs in software libraries, but scaling it remains difficult. Automated harness generation commits to fixed API sequences at synthesis time, limiting the behaviors each harness can test.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Harrison Green , Fraser Brown , Claire Le Goues

Recent research has shown that hardware fuzzers can effectively detect security vulnerabilities in modern processors. However, existing hardware fuzzers do not fuzz well the hard-to-reach design spaces. Consequently, these fuzzers cannot…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Chen Chen , Rahul Kande , Nathan Nguyen , Flemming Andersen , Aakash Tyagi , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

BusyBox, an open-source software bundling over 300 essential Linux commands into a single executable, is ubiquitous in Linux-based embedded devices. Vulnerabilities in BusyBox can have far-reaching consequences, affecting a wide array of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Asmita , Yaroslav Oliinyk , Michael Scott , Ryan Tsang , Chongzhou Fang , Houman Homayoun

Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a well-known method for exposing bugs/vulnerabilities in software systems. Popular fuzzers, such as AFL, use a biased random search over the domain of program inputs, where 100s or 1000s of inputs (test cases) are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yuntong Zhang , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Gregory J. Duck , Jiaqi Tan , Abhik Roychoudhury

Fuzzing is a widely used software security testing technique that is designed to identify vulnerabilities in systems by providing invalid or unexpected input. Continuous fuzzing systems like OSS-FUZZ have been successful in finding security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Chaitanya Rahalkar

In recent years, fuzzing has been widely applied not only to application software but also to system software, including the Linux kernel and firmware, and has become a powerful technique for vulnerability discovery. Among these approaches,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Masami Ichikawa

Fuzzing has proven to be a fundamental technique to automated software testing but also a costly one. With the increased adoption of CI/CD practices in software development, a natural question to ask is `What are the best ways to integrate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Thijs Klooster , Fatih Turkmen , Gerben Broenink , Ruben ten Hove , Marcel Böhme

As the complexity of modern processors has increased over the years, developing effective verification strategies to identify bugs prior to manufacturing has become critical. Undiscovered micro-architectural bugs in processors can manifest…

Fuzzing is a technique widely used in vulnerability detection. The process usually involves writing effective fuzz driver programs, which, when done manually, can be extremely labor intensive. Previous attempts at automation leave much to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Mingrui Zhang , Jianzhong Liu , Fuchen Ma , Huafeng Zhang , Yu Jiang

Security vulnerabilities in Internet-of-Things devices, mobile platforms, and autonomous systems remain critical. Traditional mutation-based fuzzers -- while effectively explore code paths -- primarily perform byte- or bit-level edits…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mengdi Lu , Steven Ding , Furkan Alaca , Philippe Charland
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