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Current cosmological simulations rely on active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback to quench star formation and match observed stellar mass distributions, but models for AGN feedback are poorly constrained. The circumgalactic medium (CGM)…

We examine the properties of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) at low redshift in a range of simulated Milky Way mass halos. The sample is comprised of seven idealized simulations, an adaptive mesh refinement cosmological zoom-in simulation,…

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) around massive galaxies plays a crucial role in regulating star formation and feedback. Using the CAMELS simulation suite, we develop emulators for the X-ray surface brightness profile and the X-ray…

We present a suite of high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations to $z=4$ of a $10^{12}\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ halo at $z=0$, obtained using seven contemporary astrophysical simulation codes widely used in the numerical galaxy formation…

Feedback effects generated by supernovae (SNe) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are pivotal in shaping the evolution of galaxies and their present-day structures. However, our understanding of the specific mechanisms operating at galactic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-07-20 Kentaro Nagamine

We use idealized 3D hydrodynamic simulations to study the dynamics and thermal structure of the circumgalactic medium (CGM). Our simulations quantify the role of cooling, stellar feedback driven galactic winds and cosmological gas accretion…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-02-08 Drummond Fielding , Eliot Quataert , Michael McCourt , Todd A. Thompson

As part of the AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project (Kim et al. 2014, 2016) we have generated a suite of isolated Milky Way-mass galaxy simulations using 9 state-of-the-art gravito-hydrodynamics codes widely used in…

Galaxy evolution is shaped by star formation and stellar feedback at scales unresolved by current high-resolution cosmological simulations. Precise subgrid models are thus necessary, and different approaches have been developed. However,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-17 Maxime Rey , Jérémy Blaizot , Taysun Kimm , Joakim Rosdahl , Léo Michel-Dansac

The hot ($>10^6$ K) phase of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) contains a large fraction of baryons in galaxies. It also retains signatures of the processes that shaped the galaxies, such as feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-08 Urmila Chadayammuri , Akos Bogdan , Benjamin Oppenheimer , Ralph Kraft , William Forman , Christine Jones

We explore the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of two simulated star-forming galaxies with luminosities L ~ 0.1 and 1 L* generated using the smooth particle hydrodynamic code GASOLINE. These simulations are part of the Making Galaxies In a…

Little is currently known about the physical properties of the hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding massive galaxies. Next-generation X-ray observatories will enable detailed studies of the hot CGM in emission. To support these…

Galaxy evolution is driven by star formation and stellar feedback on scales unresolved by current high-resolution cosmological simulations, requiring robust subgrid models. However, these models remain degenerate, often calibrated primarily…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-17 Maxime Rey , Jérémy Blaizot , Taysun Kimm , Joakim Rosdahl , Léo Michel-Dansac , Valentin Mauerhofer

Galaxies are surrounded by extended gaseous halos which store significant fractions of chemical elements. These are syntethized by the stellar populations and later ejected into the circumgalactic medium (CGM) by different mechanism, of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-01-10 Rubens E. G. Machado , Patricia B. Tissera , Gastão B. Lima Neto , Laerte Sodré

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is closely linked to galaxy formation and evolution, but difficult to characterize observationally and typically poorly resolved in cosmological simulations. We use spherically-symmetric, idealized,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-12 Cassandra Lochhaas , Greg L. Bryan , Yuan Li , Miao Li , Drummond Fielding

The Astro2020 Decadal Survey has identified the mapping of the circumgalactic medium (CGM, gaseous plasma around galaxies) as a key objective. We explore the prospects for characterizing the CGM in and around nearby galaxy halos with a…

Recent observations from JWST have revealed unexpectedly luminous galaxies, exhibiting stellar masses and luminosities significantly higher than predicted by theoretical models at Cosmic Dawn. In this study, we present a suite of…

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is a multi-phase, dynamic interface between galaxy and the intergalactic medium, providing crucial diagnostics of galaxy evolution. However, direct evidence for a hot (million-Kelvin) CGM around present-day…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-26 Lin He , Zhiyuan Li

The baryonic physics shaping galaxy formation and evolution are complex, spanning a vast range of scales and making them challenging to model. Cosmological simulations rely on subgrid models that produce significantly different predictions.…

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