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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown the impressive capability of answering questions in a wide range of scenarios. However, when LLMs face different types of questions, it is worth exploring whether LLMs are aware that some questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Dongjie Yang , Hai Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) promise to streamline software code reviews, but their ability to produce consistent assessments remains an open question. In this study, we tested four leading LLMs -- GPT-4o mini, GPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Eugene Klishevich , Yegor Denisov-Blanch , Simon Obstbaum , Igor Ciobanu , Michal Kosinski

Prompt engineering enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks. However, lengthy prompts significantly increase computational complexity and economic costs. To address this issue, we study six prompt compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Zheng Zhang , Jinyi Li , Yihuai Lan , Xiang Wang , Hao Wang

We investigated whether large language models (LLMs) can develop data validation tests. We considered 96 conditions each for both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, examining different prompt scenarios, learning modes, temperature settings, and roles. The…

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance across a wide range of downstream language tasks. Temperature sampling is a commonly used decoding strategy for LLMs' generation process. However, a fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Shimao Zhang , Yu Bao , Shujian Huang

Large language Models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to variations in prompt formulation, which can significantly impact their ability to generate accurate responses. In this paper, we introduce a new task, Prompt Sensitivity Prediction, and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Amirhossein Razavi , Mina Soltangheis , Negar Arabzadeh , Sara Salamat , Morteza Zihayat , Ebrahim Bagheri

In this study, we investigated the effects of self-reflection in large language models (LLMs) on problem-solving performance. We instructed nine popular LLMs to answer a series of multiple-choice questions to provide a performance baseline.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Matthew Renze , Erhan Guven

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate increasing capabilities in creative text generation, yet systematic evaluations of their humor production remain underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 13 state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Evgenii Evstafev

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promise in medical knowledge assessments, yet their practical utility in real-world clinical decision-making remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mengdi Chai , Ali R. Zomorrodi

Temperature scaling is a simple method that allows to control the uncertainty of probabilistic models. It is mostly used in two contexts: improving the calibration of classifiers and tuning the stochasticity of large language models (LLMs).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-28 Pierre-Alexandre Mattei , Bruno Loureiro

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a one-fits-many solution, but they sometimes hallucinate or produce unreliable output. In this paper, we investigate how hypothesis ensembling can improve the quality of the generated text for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 António Farinhas , José G. C. de Souza , André F. T. Martins

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention for their exceptional abilities in various natural language processing tasks, but they suffer from hallucinations that will cause performance degradation. One promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Dancheng Liu , Amir Nassereldine , Ziming Yang , Chenhui Xu , Yuting Hu , Jiajie Li , Utkarsh Kumar , Changjae Lee , Ruiyang Qin , Yiyu Shi , Jinjun Xiong

Reinforcement Learning has demonstrated substantial improvements in the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), exhibiting significant applicability across various domains. Recent research has identified that tokens within LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Haomin Zhuang , Yujun Zhou , Taicheng Guo , Yue Huang , Fangxu Liu , Kai Song , Xiangliang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized NLP research. Notably, in-context learning enables their use as evaluation metrics for natural language generation, making them particularly advantageous in low-resource scenarios and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Christoph Leiter , Steffen Eger

Temperature is a crucial hyperparameter in large language models (LLMs), controlling the trade-off between exploration and exploitation during text generation. High temperatures encourage diverse but noisy outputs, while low temperatures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Haoran Dang , Cuiling Lan , Hai Wan , Xibin Zhao , Yan Lu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) rise in popularity, it is necessary to assess their capability in critically relevant domains. We present a comprehensive evaluation framework, grounded in science communication research, to assess LLM…

Temperature sampling is a conventional approach to diversify large language model predictions. As temperature increases, the prediction becomes diverse but also vulnerable to hallucinations -- generating tokens that are sensible but not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Chung-Ching Chang , David Reitter , Renat Aksitov , Yun-Hsuan Sung

Large Language Models (LLMs) changed the way we design and interact with software systems. Their ability to process and extract information from text has drastically improved productivity in a number of routine tasks. Developers that want…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Federico Errica , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Roberto Bifulco

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text by sampling the next token from a probability distribution over the vocabulary at each decoding step. Popular sampling methods like top-p (nucleus sampling) often struggle to balance quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Minh Nhat Nguyen , Andrew Baker , Clement Neo , Allen Roush , Andreas Kirsch , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv

SOCs and CSIRTs face increasing pressure to automate incident categorization, yet the use of cloud-based LLMs introduces costs, latency, and confidentiality risks. We investigate whether locally executed SLMs can meet this challenge. We…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Marcio Pohlmann , Alex Severo , Gefté Almeida , Diego Kreutz , Tiago Heinrich , Lourenço Pereira