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The widespread of Large Language Models (LLMs) marks a significant milestone in generative AI. Nevertheless, the increasing context length and batch size in offline LLM inference escalate the memory requirement of the key-value (KV) cache,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xiurui Pan , Endian Li , Qiao Li , Shengwen Liang , Yizhou Shan , Ke Zhou , Yingwei Luo , Xiaolin Wang , Jie Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance rapidly, they are becoming increasingly capable while simultaneously demanding ever-longer context lengths. To improve the inference efficiency of long-context processing, several novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang , Zhiying Wu , Bingning Wang , Ran He

Effective attention modules have played a crucial role in the success of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), but the quadratic time and memory complexities of these attention modules also pose a challenge when processing long…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Ao Sun , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Chuan Shi , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) often incorporate multiple text chunks in their inputs to provide the necessary contexts. To speed up the prefill of the long LLM inputs, one can pre-compute the KV cache of a text and re-use the KV cache when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Jiayi Yao , Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Siddhant Ray , Yihua Cheng , Qizheng Zhang , Kuntai Du , Shan Lu , Junchen Jiang

Large language models have been widely adopted but require significant GPU memory for inference. We develop a procedure for Int8 matrix multiplication for feed-forward and attention projection layers in transformers, which cut the memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Tim Dettmers , Mike Lewis , Younes Belkada , Luke Zettlemoyer

In this paper, we introduce LiveMind, a novel low-latency inference framework for large language model (LLM) inference which enables LLMs to perform inferences with incomplete user input. By reallocating computational processes to the input…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chuangtao Chen , Grace Li Zhang , Xunzhao Yin , Cheng Zhuo , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

Transformer-based models have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation. The size of the state-of-the-art models has increased steadily reaching…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Rya Sanovar , Srikant Bharadwaj , Renee St. Amant , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

In this paper, we introduce LightVLM, a simple but effective method that can be seamlessly deployed upon existing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to greatly accelerate the inference process in a training-free manner. We divide the inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lianyu Hu , Fanhua Shang , Wei Feng , Liang Wan

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), serving LLM inference requests has become an increasingly important task, attracting active research advancements. Practical workloads play an essential role in this process:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuxing Xiang , Xue Li , Kun Qian , Wenyuan Yu , Ennan Zhai , Xin Jin

Visual token reduction lowers inference costs caused by extensive image features in large vision-language models (LVLMs). Unlike relevant studies that prune tokens in self-attention-only LVLMs, our work uniquely addresses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Jewon Lee , Ki-Ung Song , Seungmin Yang , Donguk Lim , Jaeyeon Kim , Wooksu Shin , Bo-Kyeong Kim , Yong Jae Lee , Tae-Ho Kim

With reasoning becoming the generative paradigm for large language models (LLMs), the memory bottleneck caused by KV cache during the decoding phase has become a critical factor limiting high-concurrency service. Although existing KV cache…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mengqi Liao , Lu Wang , Chaoyun Zhang , Bo Qiao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Huaiyu Wan

Prompt engineering enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks. However, lengthy prompts significantly increase computational complexity and economic costs. To address this issue, we study six prompt compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Zheng Zhang , Jinyi Li , Yihuai Lan , Xiang Wang , Hao Wang

The deployment and scaling of large language models (LLMs) have become critical as they permeate various applications, demanding high-throughput and low-latency serving systems. Existing frameworks struggle to balance these requirements,…

Large language models encounter critical GPU memory capacity constraints during long-context inference, where KV cache memory consumption severely limits decode batch sizes. While existing research has explored offloading KV cache to DRAM,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Qiuyang Zhang , Kai Zhou , Ding Tang , Kai Lu , Cheng Li , Zhenyu Yang , Peng Xu , Jiguang Wan

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) are emerging as a promising alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) due to their ability to capture bidirectional context and the potential for parallel generation. Despite the advantages, dLLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zijian Zhu , Fei Ren , Zhanhong Tan , Kaisheng Ma

Emerging intelligent service scenarios in 6G communication impose stringent requirements for low latency, high reliability, and privacy preservation. Generative large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming key enablers for the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Pengyan Zhu , Tingting Yang

To mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), we propose a framework that focuses on errors induced by prompts. Our method extends a chain-style knowledge distillation approach by incorporating a programmable module that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jinbo Hao , Kai Yang , Qingzhen Su , Yifan Li , Chao Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Attention mechanisms underpin the success of large language models (LLMs), yet their substantial computational and memory overhead poses challenges for optimizing efficiency and performance. A critical bottleneck arises as KV cache and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Luoyang Sun , Cheng Deng , Jiwen Jiang , Xinjian Wu , Haifeng Zhang , Lei Chen , Lionel Ni , Jun Wang

Large Language Model (LLM) inference uses an autoregressive manner to generate one token at a time, which exhibits notably lower operational intensity compared to earlier Machine Learning (ML) models such as encoder-only transformers and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yufeng Gu , Alireza Khadem , Sumanth Umesh , Ning Liang , Xavier Servot , Onur Mutlu , Ravi Iyer , Reetuparna Das