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The progress in building quantum computers to execute quantum algorithms has recently been remarkable. Grover's search algorithm in a binary quantum system provides considerable speed-up over classical paradigm. Further, Grover's algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Amit Saha , Ritajit Majumdar , Debasri Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

We study the computational power of shallow quantum circuits with $O(\log n)$ initialized and $n^{O(1)}$ uninitialized ancillary qubits, where $n$ is the input length and the initial state of the uninitialized ancillary qubits is arbitrary.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-02 Yasuhiro Takahashi , Seiichiro Tani

The relevance of shallow-depth quantum circuits has recently increased, mainly due to their applicability to near-term devices. In this context, one of the main goals of quantum circuit complexity is to find problems that can be solved by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Alex Bredariol Grilo , Elham Kashefi , Damian Markham , Michael de Oliveira

We first show how to construct an O(n)-depth O(n)-size quantum circuit for addition of two n-bit binary numbers with no ancillary qubits. The exact size is 7n-6, which is smaller than that of any other quantum circuit ever constructed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-17 Yasuhiro Takahashi , Seiichiro Tani , Noboru Kunihiro

When designing quantum circuits for a given unitary, it can be much cheaper to achieve a good approximation on most inputs than on all inputs. In this work we formalize this idea, and propose that such "optimistic quantum circuits" are…

An efficient implementation of the Toffoli gate is of conceptual importance for running various quantum algorithms, including Grover's search and Shor's integer factorization. However, direct implementation of the Toffoli gate either…

Quantum addition circuits are considered being of two types: 1) Toffolli-adder circuits which use only classical reversible gates (CNOT and Toffoli), and 2) QFT-adder circuits based on the quantum Fourier transformation. We present the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 Alexandru Paler

We present numerical results which show how two-bit logic gates can be used in the design of a quantum computer. We show that the Toffoli gate, which is a universal gate for all classical reversible computation, can be implemented using a…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 David P. DiVincenzo , John Smolin

Unitary operations are expressed in the quantum circuit model as a finite sequence of elementary gates, such as controlled-not gates and single qubit gates. We prove that the simplified Toffoli gate by Margolus, which coincides with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang Song , Andreas Klappenecker

In this thesis we examine a variety of techniques for reducing the resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computation. First, we show how to simplify universal encoded computation by using only transversal gates and standard error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-21 Adam Paetznick

Quantum algorithms are a promising framework for unfolding the causal configurations of multiloop Feynman diagrams, which is equivalent to querying the \textit{directed acyclic graph} (DAG) configurations of undirected graphs in graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Selomit Ramírez-Uribe , Andrés E. Rentería-Olivo , Germán Rodrigo

In this paper, we report efficient quantum circuits for integer multiplication using Toom-Cook algorithm. By analysing the recursive tree structure of the algorithm, we obtained a bound on the count of Toffoli gates and qubits. These bounds…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Srijit Dutta , Debjyoti Bhattacharjee , Anupam Chattopadhyay

We examine the detailed scenario for implementing n-control-qubit Toffoli gates and select gates on ion-trap quantum computers, especially those that shuttle ions into interaction zones. We determine expected performance of these gates with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-02 Nilesh Goel , J. K. Freericks

Quantum arithmetic computation requires a substantial number of scratch qubits to stay reversible. These operations necessitate qubit and gate resources equivalent to those needed for the larger of the input or output registers due to state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-21 Omid Faizy , Norbert Wehn , Paul Lukowicz , Maximilian Kiefer-Emmanouilidis

Various implementations of the Toffoli gate up to a relative phase have been known for years. The advantage over regular Toffoli gate is their smaller circuit size. However, their use has been often limited to a demonstration of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-11 Dmitri Maslov

We describe a practical method of constructing quantum combinational logic circuits with basic quantum logic gates such as NOT and general $n$-bit Toffoli gates. This method is useful to find the quantum circuits for evaluating logic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jae-Seung Lee , Yongwook Chung , Jaehyun Kim , Soonchil Lee

The Toffoli gate is a fundamental building block for quantum arithmetic and reversible logic, yet its efficient realization remains a major challenge in both near-term and fault-tolerant quantum architectures. Recent advances in dynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Abhoy Kole , Till Schnittka , Rolf Drechsler

The family of $n$-bit Toffoli gates, with the two-bit Toffoli gate as the figurehead, are of great interest in quantum information as they can be used as universal gates and in quantum error correction, among other things. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-13 S. E. Rasmussen , K. Groenland , R. Gerritsma , K. Schoutens , N. T. Zinner

Fault-tolerant quantum computation enables reliable quantum computation but incurs a significant overhead from both time and resource perspectives. To reduce computation time, Austin G. Fowler proposed time-optimal quantum computation by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-02 Taewan Kim , Kyunghyun Baek , Yongsoo Hwang , Jeongho Bang

We show how to carry out quantum logical operations (controlled-not and Toffoli gates) on encoded qubits for several encodings which protect against various 1-bit errors. This improves the reliability of these operations by allowing one to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Wojciech Hubert Zurek , Raymond Laflamme