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Combinatorial optimization serves as an essential part in many modern industrial applications. A great number of the problems are offline setting due to safety and/or cost issues. While simulation-based approaches appear difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Wenpeng Wei , Toshiko Aizono

This paper presents a framework to tackle constrained combinatorial optimization problems using deep Reinforcement Learning (RL). To this end, we extend the Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) theory in order to deal with constraints in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ruben Solozabal , Josu Ceberio , Martin Takáč

Heuristics have achieved great success in solving combinatorial optimization problems~(COPs). However, heuristics designed by humans require too much domain knowledge and testing time. Since Large Language Models~(LLMs) possess strong…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hui Wang , Xufeng Zhang , Chaoxu Mu

Using machine learning to solve combinatorial optimization (CO) problems is challenging, especially when the data is unlabeled. This work proposes an unsupervised learning framework for CO problems. Our framework follows a standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Haoyu Wang , Nan Wu , Hang Yang , Cong Hao , Pan Li

Machine Learning-based heuristics have recently shown impressive performance in solving a variety of hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). However, they generally rely on a separate neural model, specialized and trained for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Darko Drakulic , Sofia Michel , Jean-Marc Andreoli

There has been an increasing interest in harnessing deep learning to tackle combinatorial optimization (CO) problems in recent years. Typical CO deep learning approaches leverage the problem structure in the model architecture.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Yiwei Bai , Wenting Zhao , Carla P. Gomes

Despite the success of neural-based combinatorial optimization methods for end-to-end heuristic learning, out-of-distribution generalization remains a challenge. In this paper, we present a novel formulation of Combinatorial Optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Darko Drakulic , Sofia Michel , Florian Mai , Arnaud Sors , Jean-Marc Andreoli

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems over graphs appear routinely in many applications such as in optimizing traffic, viral marketing in social networks, and matching for job allocation. Due to their combinatorial nature, these problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Hao Tian , Sourav Medya , Wei Ye

End-to-end training of neural network solvers for graph combinatorial optimization problems such as the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) have seen a surge of interest recently, but remain intractable and inefficient beyond graphs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Quentin Cappart , Louis-Martin Rousseau , Thomas Laurent

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) aims at designing problem-independent and efficient neural network-based strategies for solving combinatorial problems. The field recently experienced growth by successfully adapting architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Michal Lisicki , Arash Afkanpour , Graham W. Taylor

The recently presented idea to learn heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems is promising as it can save costly development. However, to push this idea towards practical implementation, we need better models and better ways of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Wouter Kool , Herke van Hoof , Max Welling

This paper introduces an enhanced meta-heuristic (ML-ACO) that combines machine learning (ML) and ant colony optimization (ACO) to solve combinatorial optimization problems. To illustrate the underlying mechanism of our ML-ACO algorithm, we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Yuan Sun , Sheng Wang , Yunzhuang Shen , Xiaodong Li , Andreas T. Ernst , Michael Kirley

Combinatorial optimization problem (COP) over graphs is a fundamental challenge in optimization. Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a new framework to tackle these problems and has demonstrated promising results. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Fan Yao , Renqin Cai , Hongning Wang

Self-improvement has emerged as a state-of-the-art paradigm in Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO), where models iteratively refine their policies by generating and imitating high-quality solutions. Despite strong empirical performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Laurin Luttmann , Lin Xie

In this paper, we provide a novel strategy for solving Traveling Salesman Problem, which is a famous combinatorial optimization problem studied intensely in the TCS community. In particular, we consider the imitation learning framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Pingbang Hu

Neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has gained significant attention due to the potential of deep learning to efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems. NCO has been widely applied to job shop scheduling problems (JSPs) with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Igor G. Smit , Yaoxin Wu , Pavel Troubil , Yingqian Zhang , Wim P. M. Nuijten

In this work we explore the combination of metaheuristics and learned neural network solvers for combinatorial optimization. We do this in the context of the transit network design problem, a uniquely challenging combinatorial optimization…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Andrew Holliday , Gregory Dudek

Recent advances in graph neural network architectures and increased computation power have revolutionized the field of combinatorial optimization (CO). Among the proposed models for CO problems, Neural Improvement (NI) models have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Andoni I. Garmendia , Josu Ceberio , Alexander Mendiburu

Constraint Optimization Problems (COP) pose intricate challenges in combinatorial problems usually addressed through Branch and Bound (B\&B) methods, which involve maintaining priority queues and iteratively selecting branches to search for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yingkai Xiao , Jingjin Liu , Hankz Hankui Zhuo