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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning can substantially improve performance on complex reasoning tasks. At the same time, In-Context Learning (ICL) has become an important mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rui Chu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel on complex problems but face a critical barrier to efficiency: reinforcement learning (RL) training requires long rollouts for outcome-based rewards, where autoregressive decoding dominates time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zeliang Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Hao Cheng , Hao Sun , Chenliang Xu , Jianfeng Gao

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in complex visual tasks through the integration of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, in Video Question Answering, extended thinking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Xiaokun Sun , Yubo Wang , Haoyu Cao , Linli Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly prominent in academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in diverse applications. As these models evolve with increasing parameters, they excel in tasks like sentiment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Le Chen , Arijit Bhattacharjee , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Niranjan Hasabnis , Gal Oren , Bin Lei , Ali Jannesari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in solving mathematical reasoning tasks, leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data as a vital component in guiding answer generation. Current paradigms typically generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Honglin Lin , Zhuoshi Pan , Yu Li , Qizhi Pei , Xin Gao , Mengzhang Cai , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) to follow instructions with various constraints. Despite the encouraging results, RL improvement inevitably relies on sampling successful, high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Shunyu Liu , Wenjian Zhang , Min Cen , Yang Zhou , Wenkai Fang , Yiru Zhao , Baisheng Lai , Mingli Song

Recent advances have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle reasoning tasks by generating chain-of-thought (CoT) rationales, yet these gains have largely applied to high-resource languages, leaving low-resource languages behind. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting can encourage language models to engage in multi-step logical reasoning. The quality of the provided demonstrations significantly influences the success of downstream inference tasks. Current unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yufeng Zhang , Xuepeng Wang , Lingxiang Wu , Jinqiao Wang

Large language models such as Codex, have shown the capability to produce code for many programming tasks. However, the success rate of existing models is low, especially for complex programming tasks. One of the reasons is that language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Zhiyu Fan , Xiang Gao , Martin Mirchev , Abhik Roychoudhury , Shin Hwei Tan

Recently, with the chain of thought (CoT) prompting, large language models (LLMs), e.g., GPT-3, have shown strong reasoning ability in several natural language processing tasks such as arithmetic, commonsense, and logical reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fei Xia , Bin Li , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Bin Sun , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Several recent advances in AI systems solve problems by providing a "scaffolding" program that structures multiple calls to language models (LMs) to generate better outputs. A scaffolding program is written in a programming language such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Eric Zelikman , Eliana Lorch , Lester Mackey , Adam Tauman Kalai

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have been driven by their emergent reasoning capabilities, particularly through long chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, which enables thorough exploration and deliberation. Despite these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Junnan Liu , Hongwei Liu , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Recent advances in mathematical problem-solving with language models (LMs) integrate chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning and code execution to harness their complementary strengths. However, existing hybrid frameworks exhibit a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Haozhe Wang , Long Li , Chao Qu , Fengming Zhu , Weidi Xu , Wei Chu , Fangzhen Lin

Long-horizon tasks requiring multi-step reasoning and dynamic re-planning remain challenging for large language models (LLMs). Sequential prompting methods are prone to context drift, loss of goal information, and recurrent failure cycles,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhenyu Zhang , Tianyi Chen , Weiran Xu , Alex Pentland , Jiaxin Pei

We explore how iterative revising a chain of thoughts with the help of information retrieval significantly improves large language models' reasoning and generation ability in long-horizon generation tasks, while hugely mitigating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Zihao Wang , Anji Liu , Haowei Lin , Jiaqi Li , Xiaojian Ma , Yitao Liang

In this paper, we introduce CoRet, a dense retrieval model designed for code-editing tasks that integrates code semantics, repository structure, and call graph dependencies. The model focuses on retrieving relevant portions of a code…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Fabio Fehr , Prabhu Teja Sivaprasad , Luca Franceschi , Giovanni Zappella

Recently, long-thought reasoning models achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, but often incur substantial inference overhead, making efficiency a critical concern. Our empirical analysis reveals that the benefit of using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Haotian Luo , Haiying He , Yibo Wang , Jinluan Yang , Rui Liu , Naiqiang Tan , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao , Li Shen

While recent multimodal models have shown progress in vision-language tasks, small-scale variants still struggle with the fine-grained temporal reasoning required for video understanding. We introduce ReasonAct, a method that enhances video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Jiaxin Liu , Zhaolu Kang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are changing the coding paradigm, known as vibe coding, yet synthesizing algorithmically sophisticated and robust code still remains a critical challenge. Incentivizing the deep reasoning capabilities of LLMs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Chansung Park , Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Sayak Paul , Jiasi Shen , Jing Tang , Jianguo Li

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra