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Generative modeling techniques such as Diffusion and Flow Matching have achieved significant successes in generating designable and diverse protein backbones. However, many current models are computationally expensive, requiring hundreds or…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-30 Junhua Chen , Simon Mathis , Charles Harris , Kieran Didi , Pietro Lio

Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) are transforming the field of structural biology. For example, AlphaFold, a groundbreaking neural network for protein structure prediction, has been widely adopted by researchers. The…

Current state-of-the-art generative models map noise to data distributions by matching flows or scores. A key limitation of these models is their inability to readily integrate available partial observations and additional priors. In…

Estimating three-dimensional conformations of a molecular graph allows insight into the molecule's biological and chemical functions. Fast generation of valid conformations is thus central to molecular modeling. Recent advances in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Sohil Atul Shah , Vladlen Koltun

A protein's function depends critically on its conformational ensemble, a collection of energy weighted structures whose balance depends on temperature and environment. Though recent deep learning (DL) methods have substantially advanced…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-09 Myeongsang Lee , Lauren L. Porter

Accurate protein structure prediction from amino-acid sequences is critical to better understanding the protein function. Recent advances in this area largely benefit from more precise inter-residue distance and orientation predictions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Jiaxiang Wu , Shitong Luo , Tao Shen , Haidong Lan , Sheng Wang , Junzhou Huang

The computational design of novel protein structures has the potential to impact numerous scientific disciplines greatly. Toward this goal, we introduce FoldFlow, a series of novel generative models of increasing modeling power based on the…

Peptides, short chains of amino acid residues, play a vital role in numerous biological processes by interacting with other target molecules, offering substantial potential in drug discovery. In this work, we present PepFlow, the first…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-04 Jiahan Li , Chaoran Cheng , Zuofan Wu , Ruihan Guo , Shitong Luo , Zhizhou Ren , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma

Exploring molecular energy landscapes and identifying ground-state conformations are central challenges in computational chemistry. However, generating diverse low-energy conformers from molecular graphs remains expensive with traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Guikun Xu , Xiaohan Yi , Ziqiao Meng , Peilin Zhao , Yatao Bian

AlphaFold can be used for both single-chain and multi-chain protein structure prediction, while the latter becomes extremely challenging as the number of chains increases. In this work, by taking each chain as a node and assembly actions as…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Ziqi Gao , Tao Feng , Jiaxuan You , Chenyi Zi , Yan Zhou , Chen Zhang , Jia Li

The recent breakthrough of AlphaFold3 in modeling complex biomolecular interactions, including those between proteins and ligands, nucleotides, or metal ions, creates new opportunities for protein design. In so-called inverse protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-22 Kai Yi , Kiarash Jamali , Sjors H. W. Scheres

Diffusion models can learn rich representations during data generation, showing potential for Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), but they face a trade-off between generative quality and discriminative performance. Their iterative sampling also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kosuke Ukita , Tsuyoshi Okita

Significant progress in computer hardware and software have enabled molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model complex biological phenomena such as protein folding. However, enabling MD simulations to access biologically relevant…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-08-02 Heng Ma , Debsindhu Bhowmik , Hyungro Lee , Matteo Turilli , Michael T. Young , Shantenu Jha , Arvind Ramanathan

Recent advances in generative modeling have led to promising results in robot motion planning, particularly through diffusion and flow matching (FM)-based models that capture complex, multimodal trajectory distributions. However, these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Xiaobing Dai , Zewen Yang , Dian Yu , Fangzhou Liu , Hamid Sadeghian , Sami Haddadin , Sandra Hirche

AlphaFold 3 represents a transformative advancement in computational biology, enhancing protein structure prediction through novel multi-scale transformer architectures, biologically informed cross-attention mechanisms, and geometry-aware…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-27 Alireza Abbaszadeh , Armita Shahlaee

The growing significance of RNA engineering in diverse biological applications has spurred interest in developing AI methods for structure-based RNA design. While diffusion models have excelled in protein design, adapting them for RNA…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-11 Divya Nori , Wengong Jin

Cellular differentiation is governed by gene regulatory networks, the high-dimensional stochastic biochemical systems that determine the transcriptional landscape and mediate cellular responses to signals and perturbations. Although…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-29 Suryanarayana Maddu , Victor Chardès , Michael J. Shelley

Deep generative models provide a promising approach to de novo 3D peptide design. Most of them jointly model the distributions of peptide's position, orientation, and conformation, attempting to simultaneously converge to the target pocket.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-04 Dengdeng Huang , Shikui Tu

Protein backbone generation plays a central role in de novo protein design and is significant for many biological and medical applications. Although diffusion and flow-based generative models provide potential solutions to this challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Angxiao Yue , Zichong Wang , Hongteng Xu

While generative modeling has achieved remarkable success on tasks like natural language-conditioned image generation, enabling model adaptation from example data points remains a relatively underexplored and challenging problem. To this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tyler Ingebrand , Ruihan Zhao , Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil , Sandeep P. Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu