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In-context learning (ICL) derives its power from enabling Large Language Models to adapt to new tasks via prompt-based reasoning alone, entirely bypassing the need for parameter updates. Existing theories primarily study ICL in single-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guangyu Li , Meng Ding , Lijie Hu

This paper aims to improve the performance of video multimodal large language models (MLLM) via long and rich context (LRC) modeling. As a result, we develop a new version of InternVideo2.5 with a focus on enhancing the original MLLMs'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yi Wang , Xinhao Li , Ziang Yan , Yinan He , Jiashuo Yu , Xiangyu Zeng , Chenting Wang , Changlian Ma , Haian Huang , Jianfei Gao , Min Dou , Kai Chen , Wenhai Wang , Yu Qiao , Yali Wang , Limin Wang

Instruction tuning effectively optimizes Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks. Due to the changing environment in real-life applications, LLMs necessitate continual task-specific adaptation without catastrophic forgetting.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yifan Wang , Yafei Liu , Chufan Shi , Haoling Li , Chen Chen , Haonan Lu , Yujiu Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to solve complex tasks through In-Context Learning (ICL), where models learn from a few input-output pairs without explicit fine-tuning. In this paper, we explore the capacity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Paimon Goulart , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in performing tasks across various domains without needing explicit retraining. This capability, known as In-Context Learning (ICL), while impressive, exposes LLMs to a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Bibek Upadhayay , Vahid Behzadan , Amin Karbasi

In modern large language models (LLMs), handling very long context lengths presents significant challenges as it causes slower inference speeds and increased memory costs. Additionally, most existing pre-trained LLMs fail to generalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Heejun Lee , Geon Park , Jaduk Suh , Sung Ju Hwang

Long context fine-tuning of large language models(LLMs) involves training on datasets that are predominantly composed of short sequences and a small proportion of longer sequences. However, existing approaches overlook this long-tail…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xiulong Yuan , Hongtao Xu , Wenting Shen , Ang Wang , Xiafei Qiu , Jie Zhang , Yuqiong Liu , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin , Mingzhen Li , Weile Jia , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Information retrieval in Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly recognized as intertwined with generation capabilities rather than mere lookup. While longer contexts are often assumed to improve retrieval, the effects of intra-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Chupei Wang , Jiaqiu Vince Sun

Modern large language model (LLM) applications increasingly rely on long conditioning prefixes to control model behavior at inference time. While prefix-augmented inference is effective, it incurs two structural limitations: i) the prefix's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yasuyuki Okoshi , Hao Mark Chen , Guanxi Lu , Hongxiang Fan , Masato Motomura , Daichi Fujiki

Large language models (LLMs) encounter computational challenges during long-sequence inference, especially in the attention pre-filling phase, where the complexity grows quadratically with the prompt length. Previous efforts to mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Xunhao Lai , Jianqiao Lu , Yao Luo , Yiyuan Ma , Xun Zhou

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in natural language processing. The most representative ability of LLMs is in-context learning (ICL), which enables LLMs to learn patterns from in-context exemplars…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Jiachen Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate an impressive ability to utilise information within the context of their input sequences to appropriately respond to data unseen by the LLM during its training procedure. This ability is known as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Thomas F Burns , Tomoki Fukai , Christopher J Earls

In-context learning (ICL) of large language models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attention in the community where LLMs make predictions only based on instructions augmented with a few examples. Existing example selection methods for ICL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Haowei Du , Dongyan Zhao

Despite recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs), long-video understanding remains a challenging problem. Although state-of-the-art long-context VLMs can process around 1000 input frames, they still struggle to effectively leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Anurag Arnab , Ahmet Iscen , Mathilde Caron , Alireza Fathi , Cordelia Schmid

Sequential recommender systems have achieved significant success in modeling temporal user behavior but remain limited in capturing rich user semantics beyond interaction patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) present opportunities to…

Computation in a typical Transformer-based large language model (LLM) can be characterized by batch size, hidden dimension, number of layers, and sequence length. Until now, system works for accelerating LLM training have focused on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Sam Ade Jacobs , Masahiro Tanaka , Chengming Zhang , Minjia Zhang , Shuaiwen Leon Song , Samyam Rajbhandari , Yuxiong He

The computational difficulties of large language model (LLM) inference remain a significant obstacle to their widespread deployment. The need for many applications to support long input sequences and process them in large batches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Luka Ribar , Ivan Chelombiev , Luke Hudlass-Galley , Charlie Blake , Carlo Luschi , Douglas Orr

The recent surge of large language models (LLMs) highlights their ability to perform in-context learning, i.e., "learning" to perform a task from a few demonstrations in the context without any parameter updates. However, their capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Tianle Cai , Kaixuan Huang , Jason D. Lee , Mengdi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) trained on huge corpora of text datasets demonstrate intriguing capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained for. The precise nature of LLM capabilities is often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Eric J. Bigelow , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer D. Ullman

Large language models (LLMs) with long-context processing are still challenging because of their implementation complexity, training efficiency and data sparsity. To address this issue, a new paradigm named Online Long-context Processing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Lewei He , Tianyu Shi , Pengran Huang , Bingzhi Chen , Qianglong Chen , Jiahui Pan
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