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In various fields of knowledge creation, including science, new ideas often build on pre-existing information. In this work, we explore this concept within the context of language models. Specifically, we explore the potential of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 David Herel , Tomas Mikolov

The proliferation of AI-generated content online has fueled concerns over \emph{model collapse}, a degradation in future generative models' performance when trained on synthetic data generated by earlier models. Industry leaders, premier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Rylan Schaeffer , Joshua Kazdan , Alvan Caleb Arulandu , Sanmi Koyejo

Large language models (LLMs) have led to a surge in collaborative writing with model assistance. As different users incorporate suggestions from the same model, there is a risk of decreased diversity in the produced content, potentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Vishakh Padmakumar , He He

Large Language Models (LLMs) that undergo recursive training on synthetically generated data are susceptible to model collapse, a phenomenon marked by the generation of meaningless output. Existing research has examined this issue from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Konstantinos F. Xylogiannopoulos , Petros Xanthopoulos , Panagiotis Karampelas , Georgios A. Bakamitsos

Language model (LM) assistants are increasingly used in applications such as brainstorming and research. Improvements in memory and context size have allowed these models to become more autonomous, which has also resulted in more text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jiayi Geng , Howard Chen , Ryan Liu , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Robb Willer , Graham Neubig , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large Language Models (LLMs) are able to provide assistance on a wide range of information-seeking tasks. However, model outputs may be misleading, whether unintentionally or in cases of intentional deception. We investigate the ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Betty Li Hou , Kejian Shi , Jason Phang , James Aung , Steven Adler , Rosie Campbell

Large language models (LLMs) are trained from vast repositories of text authored by millions of distinct authors, reflecting an enormous diversity of human traits. While these models bear the potential to be used as approximations of human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Suhong Moon , Marwa Abdulhai , Minwoo Kang , Joseph Suh , Widyadewi Soedarmadji , Eran Kohen Behar , David M. Chan , John Canny

Large language models produce fluent fiction, yet their creative output is widely seen as flat. We ask where this quality originates in the training and whether it affects different domains of human fiction equally. We construct a matched…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zehan Li , Yutong Zhu , Siyang Wu , Honglin Bao , James A. Evans

Large language models can be used for collaborative storytelling. In this work we report on using GPT-3 \cite{brown2020language} to co-narrate stories. The AI system must track plot progression and character arcs while the human actors…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Boyd Branch , Piotr Mirowski , Kory W. Mathewson

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has proven to drastically improve usability and has driven rapid adoption as demonstrated by ChatGPT. Alignment techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement…

Model collapse, a phenomenon characterized by performance degradation due to iterative training on synthetic data, has been widely studied. However, its implications for bias amplification, the progressive intensification of pre-existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Ze Wang , Zekun Wu , Jeremy Zhang , Xin Guan , Navya Jain , Skylar Lu , Saloni Gupta , Adriano Koshiyama

Large language models (LLMs) have become mainstream technology with their versatile use cases and impressive performance. Despite the countless out-of-the-box applications, LLMs are still not reliable. A lot of work is being done to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Aisha Khatun , Daniel G. Brown

We propose and explore the possibility that language models can be studied as effective proxies for specific human sub-populations in social science research. Practical and research applications of artificial intelligence tools have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Lisa P. Argyle , Ethan C. Busby , Nancy Fulda , Joshua Gubler , Christopher Rytting , David Wingate

Making language models bigger does not inherently make them better at following a user's intent. For example, large language models can generate outputs that are untruthful, toxic, or simply not helpful to the user. In other words, these…

If large language models like GPT-3 preferably produce a particular point of view, they may influence people's opinions on an unknown scale. This study investigates whether a language-model-powered writing assistant that generates some…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Maurice Jakesch , Advait Bhat , Daniel Buschek , Lior Zalmanson , Mor Naaman

This study examines how large language model rewriting alters the style and narrative texture of personal narratives. It analyzes 300 personal narratives rewritten by three frontier LLMs under three prompt conditions: generic improvement,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Tom van Nuenen

To enhance the quality of generated stories, recent story generation models have been investigating the utilization of higher-level attributes like plots or commonsense knowledge. The application of prompt-based learning with large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Zhuohan Xie , Trevor Cohn , Jey Han Lau

Post-training alignment often reduces LLM diversity, leading to a phenomenon known as mode collapse. Unlike prior work that attributes this effect to algorithmic limitations, we identify a fundamental, pervasive data-level driver:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jiayi Zhang , Simon Yu , Derek Chong , Anthony Sicilia , Michael R. Tomz , Christopher D. Manning , Weiyan Shi

Autonomous Vehicle decisions rely on multimodal prediction models that account for multiple route options and the inherent uncertainty in human behavior. However, models can suffer from mode collapse, where only the most likely mode is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Maarten Hugenholtz , Anna Meszaros , Jens Kober , Zlatan Ajanovic

Applications based on large language models (LLMs), such as multi-agent simulations, require population diversity among agents. We identify a pervasive failure mode we term \emph{Persona Collapse}: agents each assigned a distinct profile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yunze Xiao , Vivienne J. Zhang , Chenghao Yang , Ningshan Ma , Weihao Xuan , Jen-tse Huang
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