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In this paper, we prove that the numerical-semigroup-gap counting problem is #NP-complete as a main theorem. A numerical semigroup is an additive semigroup over the set of all nonnegative integers. A gap of a numerical semigroup is defined…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-01-05 Shunichi Matsubara

We show that the number of numerical semigroups with multiplicity three, four or five and fixed genus is increasing as a function in the genus. To this end we use the Kunz polytope for these multiplicities. Counting numerical semigroups…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-20 P. A. García-Sánchez , D. Marín-Aragón , A. M. Robles-Pérez

Given a numerical semigroup $S$, we let $\mathrm P_S(x)=(1-x)\sum_{s\in S}x^s$ be its semigroup polynomial. We study cyclotomic numerical semigroups; these are numerical semigroups $S$ such that $\mathrm P_S(x)$ has all its roots in the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-27 Emil-Alexandru Ciolan , Pedro A. García-Sánchez , Pieter Moree

Given a numerical semigroup $S$ and a positive integer $p$, the quotient $\frac{S}{p}=\{x\in \mathbb{N} \mid px\in S\}$ also forms a numerical semigroup. In this paper, we first characterize the Ap\'ery set for a class of quotients of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Feihu Liu

A numerical semigroup $S$ is a subset of the non-negative integers containing $0$ that is closed under addition. The Hilbert series of $S$ (a formal power series equal to the sum of terms $t^n$ over all $n \in S$) can be expressed as a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Jeske Glenn , Christopher O'Neill , Vadim Ponomarenko , Benjamin Sepanski

A numerical set $S$ is a cofinite subset of $\mathbb{N}$ which contains $0$. We use the natural bijection between numerical sets and Young diagrams to define a numerical set $\widetilde{S}$, such that their Young diagrams are complements.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Matthew Guhl , Jazmine Juarez , Vadim Ponomarenko , Rebecca Rechkin , Deepesh Singhal

In this article, we study the quotients of numerical semigroups, generated by two coprime positive numbers, named (a,b) over d. We give formulae for the usual invariants of these semigroups, expressed in terms of continued fraction…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Emmanuel Cabanillas

A generalized numerical semigroup is a submonoid $S$ of $\mathbb{N}^d$ with finite complement in it. We characterize isomorphisms between these monoids in terms of permutation of coordinates. Considering the equivalence relation that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Carmelo Cisto , Gioia Failla , Francesco Navarra

We characterise the numerical semigroups with a monotone Ap\'ery set (MANS-semigroups for abbreviate). Moreover, we describe the families of MANS-semigroups when we set the multiplicity and the ratio.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Aureliano M. Robles-Pérez , José Carlos Rosales

A numerical semigroup $S$ is an additive subsemigroup of the non-negative integers, containing zero, with finite complement. Its multiplicity $m$ is its smallest nonzero element. The Apery set of $S$ is the set $\text{Ap}(S) = \{n \in S :…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2019-08-20 Jackson Autry , Tara Gomes , Christopher O'Neill , Vadim Ponomarenko

Principal matrices of a numerical semigroup of embedding dimension n are special types of $n \times n$ matrices over integers of rank $\leq n - 1$. We show that such matrices and even the pseudo principal matrices of size n must have rank…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-06-21 Papri Dey , Hema Srinivasan

A numerical semigroup is an additive subsemigroup of the natural numbers that contains zero and has finite complement. A numerical semigroup is irreducible if it cannot be written as an intersection of numerical semigroups properly…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Pedro Garcia-Sanchez , Christopher O'Neill

A numerical semigroup is an additive submonoid of the natural numbers with finite complement. The size of the complement is called the genus of the semigroup. How many numerical semigroups have genus equal to $g$? We outline Zhai's proof of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Nathan Kaplan

A numerical semigroup is irreducible if it cannot be obtained as intersection of two numerical semigroups containing it properly. If we only consider numerical semigroups with the same Frobenius number, that concept is generalized to atomic…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-27 Aureliano M. Robles-Pérez , José Carlos Rosales

This paper is a continuation of the paper "Numerical Semigroups: Ap\'ery Sets and Hilbert Series". We consider the general numerical AA-semigroup, i.e., semigroups consisting of all non-negative integer linear combinations of relatively…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-01-17 Ignacio García-Marco , Jorge L. Ramírez Alfonsín , Oystein J. Rodseth

This paper is focused on numerical semigroups and presents a simple construction, that we call dilatation, which, from a starting semigroup $S$, permits to get an infinite family of semigroups which share several properties with $S$. The…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2017-10-23 Valentina Barucci , Francesco Strazzanti

Denote by $\mathrm m(S)$ the multiplicity of a numerical semigroup $S$. A covariety is a nonempty family $\mathscr{C}$ of numerical semigroups that fulfills the following conditions: there is the minimum of $\mathscr{C},$ the intersection…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2023-02-21 M. A. Moreno-Frías , J. C. Rosales

The number of embeddings of a partially ordered set $S$ in a partially ordered set $T$ is the number of subposets of $T$ isomorphic to $S$. If both, $S$ and $T$, have only one unique maximal element, we define good embeddings as those in…

We prove that for every nonempty set $\Sigma$ of integers bigger than $1$, which has at most three elements, there exists a numerical semigroup $T$ and an element $x$ of $T$ such that a natural number $n$ is the number of atoms in a…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2018-07-31 Hamid Kulosman

In this article, we classify all symmetric generalized numerical semigroups in $\mathbb{N}^d$ of embedding dimension $2d+1$. Consequently, we show that in this case the property of being symmetric is equivalent to have a unique maximal gap…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Om Prakash Bhardwaj , Carmelo Cisto