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The vast number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) endows them with remarkable capabilities, allowing them to excel in a variety of natural language processing tasks. However, this complexity also presents challenges, making LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Mingzhe Du , Anh Tuan Luu , Bin Ji , See-kiong Ng

Deploying language models (LMs) in customer-facing speech applications requires conversational fluency and adherence to specific stylistic guidelines. This can be challenging to achieve reliably using complex system prompts due to issues…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ingo Marquardt , Philippe Brule

While Large Language Models show remarkable performance in natural language understanding, their resource-intensive nature makes them less accessible. In contrast, smaller language models such as MiniCPM offer more sustainable scalability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Trapoom Ukarapol , Zhicheng Lee , Amy Xin

Controlling the behavior of language models (LMs) without re-training is a major open problem in natural language generation. While recent works have demonstrated successes on controlling simple sentence attributes (e.g., sentiment), there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Xiang Lisa Li , John Thickstun , Ishaan Gulrajani , Percy Liang , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

In recent years, large pre-trained language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the ability to follow instructions and perform novel tasks from a few examples. The possibility to parameterise an LLM through such in-context examples widens their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Imanol Schlag , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Asli Celikyilmaz , Wen-tau Yih , Jason Weston , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Xian Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, whereby they generate plausible but inaccurate text. This phenomenon poses significant risks in critical applications, such as medicine or law, necessitating robust hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Benedict Aaron Tjandra , Muhammed Razzak , Jannik Kossen , Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal

The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are widely regarded as relying on autoregressive models (ARMs). We challenge this notion by introducing LLaDA, a diffusion model trained from scratch under the pre-training and supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shen Nie , Fengqi Zhu , Zebin You , Xiaolu Zhang , Jingyang Ou , Jun Hu , Jun Zhou , Yankai Lin , Ji-Rong Wen , Chongxuan Li

To obtain high-quality sentence embeddings from pretrained language models (PLMs), they must either be augmented with additional pretraining objectives or finetuned on a large set of labeled text pairs. While the latter approach typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Timo Schick , Hinrich Schütze

Safety fine-tuning helps align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences for their safe deployment. To better understand the underlying factors that make models safe via safety fine-tuning, we design a synthetic data generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Samyak Jain , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Kemal Oksuz , Tom Joy , Philip H. S. Torr , Amartya Sanyal , Puneet K. Dokania

Expressing natural language descriptions of structured facts or relations -- data-to-text generation (D2T) -- increases the accessibility of structured knowledge repositories. Previous work shows that pre-trained language models(PLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Moniba Keymanesh , Adrian Benton , Mark Dredze

Instruction-tuning language models has become a crucial step in aligning them for general use. Typically, this process involves extensive training on large datasets, incurring high training costs. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dheeraj Mekala , Alex Nguyen , Jingbo Shang

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) for domain applications in fields such as materials science and engineering depends on the development of fine-tuning strategies that adapt models for specialized, technical capabilities. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Wei Lu , Rachel K. Luu , Markus J. Buehler

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assist ideation in research, but evaluating the quality of LLM-generated research proposals remains difficult: novelty and soundness are hard to measure automatically, and large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Heng Wang , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiashuo Sun , Zhiyi Shi , Haofei Yu , Jiawei Han , Heng Ji

We introduce a Deep Boltzmann Machine model suitable for modeling and extracting latent semantic representations from a large unstructured collection of documents. We overcome the apparent difficulty of training a DBM with judicious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Nitish Srivastava , Ruslan R Salakhutdinov , Geoffrey E. Hinton

It has been shown that finetuned transformers and other supervised detectors effectively distinguish between human and machine-generated text in some situations arXiv:2305.13242, but we find that even simple classifiers on top of n-gram and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Hope McGovern , Rickard Stureborg , Yoshi Suhara , Dimitris Alikaniotis

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. LLMs rely on large and diverse datasets to learn syntax, semantics, and usage patterns of programming languages. For low-resource…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alessandro Giagnorio , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

Predicting enzymatic reactions is crucial for applications in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and drug discovery, yet it remains a complex and resource-intensive task. Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Lorenzo Di Fruscia , Jana Marie Weber

Integrating free-text explanations to in-context learning of large language models (LLM) is shown to elicit strong reasoning capabilities along with reasonable explanations. In this paper, we consider the problem of leveraging the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Shiyang Li , Jianshu Chen , Yelong Shen , Zhiyu Chen , Xinlu Zhang , Zekun Li , Hong Wang , Jing Qian , Baolin Peng , Yi Mao , Wenhu Chen , Xifeng Yan

Materials discovery and design aim to find compositions and structures with desirable properties over highly complex and diverse physical spaces. Traditional solutions, such as high-throughput simulations or machine learning, often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tong Xie , Yuwei Wan , Yixuan Liu , Yuchen Zeng , Shaozhou Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Clara Grazian , Chunyu Kit , Wanli Ouyang , Dongzhan Zhou , Bram Hoex

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text via iterative denoising but consistently underperform on multi-step reasoning. We hypothesize this gap stems from a coordination problem: AR models build coherence token-by-token, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Earl J St Sauver