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We investigate in-context learning (ICL) through a meticulous experimental framework that systematically varies task complexity and model architecture. Extending beyond the linear regression baseline, we introduce Gaussian kernel regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Binwen Liu , Peiyu Xu , Quan Yuan , Yihong Chen

Continual Learning (CL) aims to equip AI models with the ability to learn a sequence of tasks over time, without forgetting previously learned knowledge. Recently, State Space Models (SSMs), particularly the Mamba model, have achieved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 De Cheng , Yue Lu , Lingfeng He , Shizhou Zhang , Xi Yang , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

In-Context Learning (ICL) is a phenomenon where task learning occurs through a prompt sequence without the necessity of parameter updates. ICL in Multi-Headed Attention (MHA) with absolute positional embedding has been the focus of more…

Transformer structure has achieved great success in multiple applied machine learning communities, such as natural language processing (NLP), computer vision (CV) and information retrieval (IR). Transformer architecture's core mechanism\,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zhichao Xu

As one of the most representative DL techniques, Transformer architecture has empowered numerous advanced models, especially the large language models (LLMs) that comprise billions of parameters, becoming a cornerstone in deep learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Haohao Qu , Liangbo Ning , Rui An , Wenqi Fan , Tyler Derr , Hui Liu , Xin Xu , Qing Li

Mamba-based State Space Models (SSM) have emerged as a promising alternative to the ubiquitous transformers. Despite the expressive power of transformers, the quadratic complexity of computing attention is a major impediment to scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Trinayan Baruah , Kaustubh Shivdikar , Sara Prescott , David Kaeli

State Space Models (SSMs) have become serious contenders in the field of sequential modeling, challenging the dominance of Transformers. At the same time, Mixture of Experts (MoE) has significantly improved Transformer-based Large Language…

State space models (SSMs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to Transformer models for language modeling, offering linear computational complexity and constant memory usage as context length increases. However, despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhifan Ye , Kejing Xia , Yonggan Fu , Xin Dong , Jihoon Hong , Xiangchi Yuan , Shizhe Diao , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan Celine Lin

The typical Selective State-Space Model (SSM) used in Mamba addresses several limitations of Transformers, such as the quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length and the significant memory requirements during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shengkun Tang , Liqun Ma , Haonan Li , Mingjie Sun , Zhiqiang Shen

Mamba state-space models (SSMs) have recently outperformed state-of-the-art (SOTA) Transformer large language models (LLMs) in various tasks and been widely adapted. However, a major concern for stable learning in recurrent-based deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 John T. Halloran , Manbir Gulati , Paul F. Roysdon

This work presents Mamba Imitation Learning (MaIL), a novel imitation learning (IL) architecture that provides an alternative to state-of-the-art (SoTA) Transformer-based policies. MaIL leverages Mamba, a state-space model designed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Xiaogang Jia , Qian Wang , Atalay Donat , Bowen Xing , Ge Li , Hongyi Zhou , Onur Celik , Denis Blessing , Rudolf Lioutikov , Gerhard Neumann

Selective State-Space Models (SSMs) such as Mamba have emerged as an alternative architecture to self-attention based transformers in sequence modeling tasks. Recent works have demonstrated the use of transformers in some filtering and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Alex Tang , M. Emrullah Ildiz , Batin Kurt , Samet Oymak , Necmiye Ozay

Transformers have become increasingly popular for image super-resolution (SR) tasks due to their strong global context modeling capabilities. However, their quadratic computational complexity necessitates the use of window-based attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Aman Urumbekov , Zheng Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced significantly due to the attention mechanism, but their quadratic complexity and linear memory demands limit their performance on long-context tasks. Recently, researchers introduced Mamba, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wangjie You , Zecheng Tang , Juntao Li , Lili Yao , Min Zhang

Hybrid models that combine state space models (SSMs) with attention mechanisms have shown strong performance by leveraging the efficiency of SSMs and the high recall ability of attention. However, the architectural design choices behind…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Hyunji Lee , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Kaixin Ma , Jiyeon Kim , Dong Yu , Minjoon Seo

Transformers and Mamba, initially invented for natural language processing, have inspired backbone architectures for visual recognition. Recent studies integrated Local Attention Transformers with Mamba to capture both local details and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Meng Lou , Yunxiang Fu , Yizhou Yu

Efficient long-context language modeling remains a significant challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP). While Transformers dominate language tasks, they struggle with long sequences due to quadratic computational complexity in…

Recent works have demonstrated that attention-based transformer and large language model (LLM) architectures can achieve strong channel state prediction (CSP) performance by capturing long-range temporal dependencies across channel state…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Aladin Djuhera , Haris Gacanin , Holger Boche

The recent empirical success of Mamba and other selective state space models (SSMs) has renewed interest in non-attention architectures for sequence modeling, yet their theoretical foundations remain underexplored. We present a first-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Mugunthan Shandirasegaran , Hongkang Li , Songyang Zhang , Meng Wang , Shuai Zhang

Structured State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in sequence modeling, addressing critical limitations of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Transformers, namely, vanishing gradients, sequential computation…