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Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success across a wide range of natural language generation tasks, where proper prompt designs make great impacts. While existing prompting methods are normally restricted to providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Bei Li , Rui Wang , Junliang Guo , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Hany Hassan , Arul Menezes , Tong Xiao , Jiang Bian , JingBo Zhu

Length control in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a crucial but under-addressed challenge, with applications ranging from voice interfaces requiring concise responses to research summaries needing comprehensive outputs. Current approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Adewale Akinfaderin , Shreyas Subramanian , Akarsha Sehwag

Prompt engineering is a new paradigm for enhancing the performance of trained neural network models. For optimizing text-style prompts, existing methods usually individually operate small portions of a text step by step, which either breaks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yujian Betterest Li , Kai Wu

Prompt Tuning has been a popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning method attributed to its remarkable performance with few updated parameters on various large-scale pretrained Language Models (PLMs). Traditionally, each prompt has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Yu-Chen Lin , Wei-Hua Li , Jun-Cheng Chen , Chu-Song Chen

Controlling speaking style in text-to-speech (TTS) systems has become a growing focus in both academia and industry. While many existing approaches rely on reference audio to guide style generation, such methods are often impractical due to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Haowei Lou , Hye-Young Paik , Wen Hu , Lina Yao

The practical use of text-to-image generation has evolved from simple, monolithic models to complex workflows that combine multiple specialized components. While workflow-based approaches can lead to improved image quality, crafting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Rinon Gal , Adi Haviv , Yuval Alaluf , Amit H. Bermano , Daniel Cohen-Or , Gal Chechik

The dominant language modeling paradigm handles text as a sequence of discrete tokens. While that approach can capture the latent structure of the text, it is inherently constrained to sequential dynamics for text generation. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Noe Casas , José A. R. Fonollosa , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Despite recent progress, reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning of diffusion models often struggles with generalization, composability, and robustness against reward hacking. Recent studies have explored prompt refinement as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Suhyeon Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Recent virtual try-on approaches have advanced by finetuning pre-trained text-to-image diffusion models to leverage their powerful generative ability. However, the use of text prompts in virtual try-on remains underexplored. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jeongho Kim , Hoiyeong Jin , Sunghyun Park , Jaegul Choo

Controllable text generation has taken a gigantic step forward these days. Yet existing methods are either constrained in a one-off pattern or not efficient enough for receiving multiple conditions at every generation stage. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Haoqin Tu , Zhongliang Yang , Jinshuai Yang , Siyu Zhang , Yongfeng Huang

This study targets a critical aspect of multi-modal LLMs' (LLMs&VLMs) inference: explicit controllable text generation. Multi-modal LLMs empower multi-modality understanding with the capability of semantic generation yet bring less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yuechen Zhang , Shengju Qian , Bohao Peng , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks. However, traditional fine-tuning methods for leveraging PLMs for downstream tasks entail significant computational overhead. Prompt-tuning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ali Shakeri , Wei Emma Zhang , Amin Beheshti , Weitong Chen , Jian Yang , Lishan Yang

Text entry is an essential task in our day-to-day digital interactions. Numerous intelligent features have been developed to streamline this process, making text entry more effective, efficient, and fluid. These improvements include…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Junxiao Shen , John J. Dudley , Jingyao Zheng , Bill Byrne , Per Ola Kristensson

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code from natural language, but their performance is highly sensitive to prompt formulation. We propose a reinforcement-learning-based framework that models prompt refinement as a sequential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ali Mohammadi Esfahani , Nafiseh Kahani , Samuel A. Ajila

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Previous work on controllable text generation has explored the idea of control from the latent space, such as optimizing a representation with attribute-related classifiers or sampling a representation from relevant discrete samples.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yuxuan Gu , Xiaocheng Feng , Sicheng Ma , Lingyuan Zhang , Heng Gong , Weihong Zhong , Bing Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have been recently leveraged as training data generators for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While previous research has explored different approaches to training models using generated data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yue Yu , Yuchen Zhuang , Jieyu Zhang , Yu Meng , Alexander Ratner , Ranjay Krishna , Jiaming Shen , Chao Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed more widely, customization with respect to vocabulary, style, and character becomes more important. In this work, we introduce model arithmetic, a novel inference framework for composing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Jasper Dekoninck , Marc Fischer , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Martin Vechev

Controlling the behavior of language models (LMs) without re-training is a major open problem in natural language generation. While recent works have demonstrated successes on controlling simple sentence attributes (e.g., sentiment), there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Xiang Lisa Li , John Thickstun , Ishaan Gulrajani , Percy Liang , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for text generation. In particular, recent LLMs such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 can engage in fluent conversations with users after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jonathan D. Chang , Kiante Brantley , Rajkumar Ramamurthy , Dipendra Misra , Wen Sun