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Related papers: Measuring Implicit Bias in Explicitly Unbiased Lar…

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The fairness and trustworthiness of Large Language Models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. Implicit hate speech, which employs indirect language to convey hateful intentions, occupies a significant portion of practice. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Min Zhang , Jianfeng He , Taoran Ji , Chang-Tien Lu

As large language models (LLMs) are adopted into frameworks that grant them the capacity to make real decisions, it is increasingly important to ensure that they are unbiased. In this paper, we argue that the predominant approach of simply…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Addison J. Wu , Ryan Liu , Xuechunzi Bai , Thomas L. Griffiths

This paper studies gender bias in machine translation through the lens of Large Language Models (LLMs). Four widely-used test sets are employed to benchmark various base LLMs, comparing their translation quality and gender bias against…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Aleix Sant , Carlos Escolano , Audrey Mash , Francesca De Luca Fornaciari , Maite Melero

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have been rapidly developed and widely used in various fields, but the (potential) stereotypical bias in the model is largely unexplored. In this study, we present a pioneering measurement framework,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yukun Jiang , Zheng Li , Xinyue Shen , Yugeng Liu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

The "LLM-as-a-Judge" paradigm, using Large Language Models (LLMs) as automated evaluators, is pivotal to LLM development, offering scalable feedback for complex tasks. However, the reliability of these judges is compromised by various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Qingquan Li , Shaoyu Dou , Kailai Shao , Chao Chen , Haixiang Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in reasoning, planning, and decision-making tasks, making their trustworthiness critical. A significant and underexplored risk is intentional deception, where an LLM deliberately fabricates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhaomin Wu , Mingzhe Du , See-Kiong Ng , Bingsheng He

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance, leading to their widespread adoption as decision-support tools in resource-constrained contexts like hiring and admissions. There is, however, scientific consensus that AI…

Multi-agent systems, which consist of multiple AI models interacting within a shared environment, are increasingly used for persona-based interactions. However, if not carefully designed, these systems can reinforce implicit biases in large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Imran Mirza , Cole Huang , Ishwara Vasista , Rohan Patil , Asli Akalin , Sean O'Brien , Kevin Zhu

Existing memory benchmarks for LLM agents evaluate explicit recall of facts, yet overlook implicit memory where experience becomes automated behavior without conscious retrieval. This gap is critical: effective assistants must automatically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chonghan Qin , Xiachong Feng , Weitao Ma , Xiaocheng Feng , Lingpeng Kong

Reliable simulation of human behavior is essential for explaining, predicting, and intervening in our society. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in emulating human behaviors, interactions, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ning Bian , Xianpei Han , Hongyu Lin , Baolei Wu , Jun Wang

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) can now be easily adapted for specific business purposes using custom prompts or fine tuning. These customizations are often iteratively re-engineered to improve some aspect of performance, but after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Jennifer Healey , Laurie Byrum , Md Nadeem Akhtar , Moumita Sinha

Societal biases in the usage of words, including harmful stereotypes, are frequently learned by common word embedding methods. These biases manifest not only between a word and an explicit marker of its stereotype, but also between words…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Erin George , Joyce Chew , Deanna Needell

Negative bias refers to the tendency of large language models (LLMs) to excessively generate negative responses in binary decision tasks (e.g., yes-no question answering). Previous research has focused on detecting and addressing negative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jongyoon Song , Sangwon Yu , Sungroh Yoon

Do large language models (LLMs) exhibit sociodemographic biases, even when they decline to respond? To bypass their refusal to "speak," we study this research question by probing contextualized embeddings and exploring whether this bias is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Raphael Tang , Xinyu Zhang , Jimmy Lin , Ferhan Ture

Investigating bias in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for developing trustworthy AI. While prompt-based through prompt engineering is common, its effectiveness relies on the assumption that models inherently understand biases. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Xinyi Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Shu Yang , Junchao Wu , Lidia S. Chao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities across various tasks, from language translation to complex reasoning. Understanding and predicting human behavior and biases are crucial for artificial intelligence (AI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Kasturi Jamale , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Culture shapes reasoning, values, prioritization, and strategic decision-making, yet large language models (LLMs) often exhibit cultural biases that misalign with target populations. As LLMs are increasingly used for strategic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Maksim Eren , Eric Michalak , Brian Cook , Johnny Seales

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently showcased remarkable ability to generate fitting responses to natural language instructions. However, an open research question concerns the inherent biases of trained models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Patrick Haller , Ansar Aynetdinov , Alan Akbik

Gender bias in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing has garnered significant attention due to its potential impact on societal perceptions and biases. This research paper aims to analyze gender bias in Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Vishesh Thakur

The conformity bias exhibited by large language models (LLMs) can pose a significant challenge to decision-making in LLM-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS). While many prior studies have treated "conformity" simply as a matter of opinion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Mikako Bito , Keita Nishimoto , Kimitaka Asatani , Ichiro Sakata