Related papers: New Physical Mechanism for Lightning
Lightning and thundercloud are the most dramatic natural particle accelerators on the Earth. Relativistic electrons accelerated by electric fields therein emit bremsstrahlung gamma rays, which have been detected at ground observations, by…
In many composites the electrical transport takes place only by tunneling between isolated particles. For a long time it was quite a puzzle how, in spite of the incompatibility of tunneling and percolation networks, these composites conform…
We study the hydrodynamic flow of electrons through a smooth potential energy landscape in two dimensions, for which the electrical current is concentrated along thin channels that follow percolating equipotential contours. The width of…
We theoretically analyze a possibility of electromagnetic wave emission due to electron transitions between spin subbands in a ferromagnet. Different mechanisms of such spin-flip transitions are cousidered. One mechanism is the electron…
The atmospheric turbulence is the main factor that influences quantum properties of propagating optical signals and may sufficiently degrade the performance of quantum communication protocols. The probability distribution of transmittance…
Electron transport through a nanostructure can be characterized in part using concepts from classical fluid dynamics. It is thus natural to ask how far the analogy can be taken, and whether the electron liquid can exhibit nonlinear…
The lecture introduces a reader to the relatively young field of physics of strongly interacting and disordered 2D electron system, in particular, to the phenomena of the metallic conduction and the apparent metal-insulator transition in…
Electronic transport in diatomic molecules (two-level systems) connected to metallic contacts is analyzed in the presence of competing electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions. We show that phonon emission and absorption processes…
Condensation of water vapor on active cloud condensation nuclei produces micron-size water droplets. To form rain, they must grow rapidly into at least 50-100 $\mu$m droplets. Observations show that this process takes only 15-20 minutes.…
A model of lightning that captures the propagation of lightning channels on an irregular lattice is developed. The irregular lattice allows us to capture large two-dimensional systems (2 km x 2 km), while allowing grid refinement (on the…
The transport dynamo mechanism, which describes the magnetic field generation by diffusion flow is reviewed. In this mechanism, the cross-field transport caused by the random motion of fluid breaks the frozen-flux approximation, and the…
The ``flow'' of electric currents and heat in standard metals is diffusive with electronic motion randomized by impurities. However, for ultraclean metals, electrons can flow like water with their flow being described by the equations of…
Plasmons are fundamental excitations of metals which can be described in terms of electron dynamics, or in terms of the electromagnetic fields associated with them. In this work we develop a quantum description of plasmons in a double layer…
It is shown that electromagnetic vortices can act as beam guides for charged particles. The confinement in the transverse directions is due to the rotation of the electric and magnetic fields around the vortex line. Large class of exact…
Electron tunneling through mesoscopic metallic grains can be treated perturbatively only provided the tunnel junction conductances are sufficiently small. If it is not the case, fluctuations of the grain charge become strong. As a result…
The interplay between the electron transport in metal/ferroelectric/metal junctions with ultrathin ferroelectric barriers and the polarization state of a barrier is investigated. Using a model which takes into account screening of…
Quantum corrals are two dimensional structures built atom by atom on an atomically clean metallic surface using a scanning tunneling microscope. These two dimensional structures ``corral'' electrons in the surface states of noble metals…
Dedicated experiments on melting of 2D plasma crystals were carried out. The melting was always accompanied by spontaneous growth of the particle kinetic energy, suggesting a universal plasma-driven mechanism underlying the process. By…
We study the elementary characteristics of turbulence in a quantum ferrofluid through the context of a dipolar Bose gas condensing from a highly non-equilibrium thermal state. Our simulations reveal that the dipolar interactions drive the…
Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect at high values of injected current is explained as a consequence of an abrupt formation of a metallic ``river'' percolating from one edge of the sample to the other. Such river is formed when lakes of…