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Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect gravitational waves (GWs) via the correlations they create in the arrival times of pulses from different pulsars. The mean correlation, a function of the angle $\gamma$ between the directions to two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-20 Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

Weak-lensing distortions of the cosmic-microwave-background (CMB) temperature and polarization patterns can reveal important clues to the intervening large-scale structure. The effect of lensing is to deflect the primary temperature and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Asantha Cooray , Marc Kamionkowski , Robert R. Caldwell

We briefly discuss the most prominent results and specific sources detected by gravitational-wave observatories LIGO-Virgo during first three O1-O3 runs, as well as possible astrophysical and cosmological channels of their formation. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-12 Konstantin Postnov , Nikita Mitichkin

Too light primordial black holes evaporate and are therefore strongly constrained by various bounds, e.g. Cosmic Microwave Background distortion. However, if they are formed strongly clustered, the corresponding haloes may collapse in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-08 A. J. Iovino , M. Maggiore , N. Muttoni , A. Riotto

In this work, we introduce a novel framework to investigate ringdown gravitational waveforms in the presence of dynamical matter fields outside the horizon of a black hole. We systematically analyze two distinct scenarios of dynamical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-26 Ying-Lei Tian , Hao Yang , Chen Lan , Yan-Gang Miao

It has been speculated that quantum gravity corrections may lead to modifications to space-time geometry near black hole horizons. Such structures may cause reflections to gravitational waves, causing {\it echoes} that follow the main…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-07 Song Ming Du , Yanbei Chen

We answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the Hellings and Downs correlation curve -- the "smoking-gun" signature that pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have detected gravitational waves (GWs). Many of these questions arise from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-02 Joseph D. Romano , Bruce Allen

The strong gravitational field of a black hole bends light, forming multi-level images, yet extracting precise spacetime information from them remains challenging. In this study, we investigate how gravitational lensing leaves unique and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-24 Zhenyu Zhang , Yehui Hou , Minyong Guo , Yosuke Mizuno , Bin Chen

The detection of nanoHertz gravitational waves through pulsar timing arrays hinges on identifying a common stochastic process affecting all pulsars in a correlated way across the sky. In the presence of other deterministic and stochastic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-02-14 Patrick M. Meyers , Katerina Chatziioannou , Michele Vallisneri , Alvin J. K. Chua

Accurately estimating the parameters of the nanohertz gravitational-wave background is essential for understanding its origin. The background is typically modeled with a power-law spectrum, parametrized with an amplitude $A$, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-25 Valentina Di Marco , Andrew Zic , Ryan M. Shannon , Eric Thrane , Atharva D. Kulkarni

To see the back reaction of the Hawking radiation in a dynamical spacetime of the spherical gravitational collapse, we explicitly calculate the weak value of the energy-momentum tensor of the massless scalar field. The background geometry…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-20 Yuki Kanai , Akio Hosoya

Pulsar timing array observations have found evidence for an isotropic gravitational wave background with the Hellings-Downs angular correlations, expected from general relativity. This interpretation hinges on the measured shape of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-21 Gabriella Agazie , Jeremy G. Baier , Paul T. Baker , Bence Becsy , Laura Blecha , Kimberly K. Boddy , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Rand Burnette , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil J. Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Heling Deng , Lankeswar Dey , Timothy Dolch , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Emiko C. Gardiner , Kyle A. Gersbach , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gultekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Ross J. Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , Bjorn Larsen , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tingting Liu , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Patrick M. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Jonathan Nay , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Polina Petrov , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Jessie C. Runnoe , Alexander Saffer , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Kai Schmitz , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Tristan L. Smith , Sophia V. Sosa Fiscella , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Jacob Taylor , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Rutger van Haasteren , Joris Verbiest , Sarah J. Vigeland , Caitlin A. Witt , David Wright , Olivia Young

Schumann resonance transients which propagate around the globe can potentially generate a correlated background in widely separated gravitational wave detectors. We show that due to the distribution of lightning hotspots around the globe…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 Z. K. Silagadze

The angular cross-correlation between two galaxy samples separated in redshift is shown to be a useful measure of weak lensing by large-scale structure. Angular correlations in faint galaxies arise due to spatial clustering of the galaxies…

Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-25 R. Moessner , Bhuvnesh Jain

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are in the near future expected to detect a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by a population of inspiralling super-massive black hole binaries. In this work, we consider a background that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski

A 2-2-hole is an explicit realization of a horizonless object that can still very closely resemble a BH. An ordinary relativistic gas can serve as the matter source for the 2-2-hole solution of quadratic gravity, and this leads to a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-29 Bob Holdom

In recent years, several pulsar timing array collaborations have reported evidence for a nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB). Such a background signal could be produced by supermassive binary black holes, early-Universe processes…

The gravitational wave radiation emitted by all, resolved and unresolved, astrophysical sources in the observable universe generates a stochastic background. This background has a directional dependence inherited from the inhomogeneities of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-27 Giulia Cusin , Cyril Pitrou , Jean-Philippe Uzan

We introduce a unified formalism to describe both timing and astrometric perturbations induced on astrophysical point sources by gravitational waves using a complex spin field on the sphere. This allows the use of spin-weighted spherical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-14 Sebastian Golat , Carlo R. Contaldi

We analyse the quantum corrected geometry and radiation in the scattering of extremal black holes by low-energy neutral matter. We point out the fact that the correlators of local observables inside the horizon are the same as those of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Fabbri , D. J. Navarro , J. Navarro-Salas , G. J. Olmo