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Understanding and distinguishing temporal patterns in time series data is essential for scientific discovery and decision-making. For example, in biomedical research, uncovering meaningful patterns in physiological signals can improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yu-Chia Huang , Juntong Chen , Dongyu Liu , Kwan-Liu Ma

Temporal data, notably time series and spatio-temporal data, are prevalent in real-world applications. They capture dynamic system measurements and are produced in vast quantities by both physical and virtual sensors. Analyzing these data…

In recent years, foundational models have revolutionized the fields of language and vision, demonstrating remarkable abilities in understanding and generating complex data; however, similar advances in user behavior modeling have been…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jiahui Gong , Jingtao Ding , Fanjin Meng , Chen Yang , Hong Chen , Zuojian Wang , Haisheng Lu , Yong Li

Modelling and understanding time remains a challenge in contemporary video understanding models. With language emerging as a key driver towards powerful generalization, it is imperative for foundational video-language models to have a sense…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Piyush Bagad , Makarand Tapaswi , Cees G. M. Snoek

Recent works propose complex multi-modal models that handle both time series and language, ultimately claiming high performance on complex tasks like time series reasoning and cross-modal question answering. However, they skip foundational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Medhasweta Sen , Zachary Gottesman , Jiaxing Qiu , C. Bayan Bruss , Nam Nguyen , Tom Hartvigsen

Time series foundation models are pre-trained on large datasets and are able to achieve state-of-the-art performance in diverse tasks. However, to date, there has been limited work demonstrating how well these models perform in medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Mingzhu Liu , Angela H. Chen , George H. Chen

Transformer-based foundation models have emerged as a dominant paradigm in time series analysis, offering unprecedented capabilities in tasks such as forecasting, anomaly detection, classification, trend analysis and many more time series…

Recent years have seen significant advancements in foundation models through generative pre-training, yet algorithmic innovation in this space has largely stagnated around autoregressive models for discrete signals and diffusion models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jiaming Song , Linqi Zhou

Unlike natural language processing and computer vision, the development of Foundation Models (FMs) for time series forecasting is blocked due to data scarcity. While recent efforts are focused on building such FMs by unlocking the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qingxiang Liu , Xu Liu , Chenghao Liu , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang

Time-series data is a vital modality within data science communities. This is particularly valuable in financial applications, where it helps in detecting patterns, understanding market behavior, and making informed decisions based on…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-10 Xueying Ding , Aakriti Mittal , Achintya Gopal

Time series data, defined by equally spaced points over time, is essential in fields like medicine, telecommunications, and energy. Analyzing it involves tasks such as classification, clustering, prototyping, and regression. Classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ali Ismail-Fawaz

In real-world scenarios, achieving domain adaptation and generalization poses significant challenges, as models must adapt to or generalize across unknown target distributions. Extending these capabilities to unseen multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hao Dong , Moru Liu , Kaiyang Zhou , Eleni Chatzi , Juho Kannala , Cyrill Stachniss , Olga Fink

Time series domain adaptation stands as a pivotal and intricate challenge with diverse applications, including but not limited to human activity recognition, sleep stage classification, and machine fault diagnosis. Despite the numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Junxiang Wang , Guangji Bai , Wei Cheng , Zhengzhang Chen , Liang Zhao , Haifeng Chen

Foundation models have achieved remarkable success across diverse machine-learning domains through large-scale pretraining on large, diverse datasets. However, pretraining on such datasets introduces significant challenges due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Peiliang Gong , Emadeldeen Eldele , Min Wu , Zhenghua Chen , Xiaoli Li , Daoqiang Zhang

Foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), have revolutionized text and video processing, yet time series data presents distinct challenges for such approaches due to domain-specific features such as missing values,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Defu Cao , Wen Ye , Yizhou Zhang , Yan Liu

Spatio-temporal deep learning models aims to utilize useful patterns in such data to support tasks like prediction. However, previous deep learning models designed for specific tasks typically require separate training for each use case,…

Continuous-time series is essential for different modern application areas, e.g. healthcare, automobile, energy, finance, Internet of things (IoT) and other related areas. Different application needs to process as well as analyse a massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mansura Habiba , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Mehrdad Maleki

Time series is the most prevalent form of input data for educational prediction tasks. The vast majority of research using time series data focuses on hand-crafted features, designed by experts for predictive performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Mohammad Asadi , Vinitra Swamy , Jibril Frej , Julien Vignoud , Mirko Marras , Tanja Käser

Recently, remarkable progress has been made over large language models (LLMs), demonstrating their unprecedented capability in varieties of natural language tasks. However, completely training a large general-purpose model from the scratch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yushan Jiang , Zijie Pan , Xikun Zhang , Sahil Garg , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Dongjin Song

Deep learning has contributed remarkably to the advancement of time series analysis. Still, deep models can encounter performance bottlenecks in real-world data-scarce scenarios, which can be concealed due to the performance saturation with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Yong Liu , Haoran Zhang , Chenyu Li , Xiangdong Huang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long