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Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

Protecting the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) associated to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a pressing need pushed by the high costs required to train such networks and the importance that DNNs are gaining in our society. Following its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Yue Li , Hongxia Wang , Mauro Barni

Data has been regarded as a valuable asset with the fast development of artificial intelligence technologies. In this paper, we introduce deep-learning neural network-based frequency-domain watermarking for protecting energy system time…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Zhenghao Zhou , Yiyan Li , Xinjie Yu , Jian Ping , Xiaoyuan Xu , Zheng Yan , Mohammad Shahidehpour

AI-Generated Content (AIGC) is rapidly expanding, with services using advanced generative models to create realistic images and fluent text. Regulating such content is crucial to prevent policy violations, such as unauthorized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guanlin Li , Yifei Chen , Jie Zhang , Shangwei Guo , Han Qiu , Guoyin Wang , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

We study protecting a user's data (images in this work) against a learner's unauthorized use in training neural networks. It is especially challenging when the user's data is only a tiny percentage of the learner's complete training set. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Zihang Zou , Boqing Gong , Liqiang Wang

From network topologies to online social networks, many of today's most sensitive datasets are captured in large graphs. A significant challenge facing owners of these datasets is how to share sensitive graphs with collaborators and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Xiaohan Zhao , Qingyun Liu , Lin Zhou , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate general intelligence across a variety of machine learning tasks, thereby enhancing the commercial value of their intellectual property (IP). To protect this IP, model owners typically allow user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Kaiyi Pang , Tao Qi , Chuhan Wu , Minhao Bai , Minghu Jiang , Yongfeng Huang

To mitigate the potential harms of Large Language Models (LLMs)generated text, researchers have proposed watermarking, a process of embedding detectable signals within text. With watermarking, we can always accurately detect LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 William Guo , Adaku Uchendu , Ana Smith

The rapid advancement of generative AI has underscored the critical need for identifying image ownership and protecting copyrights. This makes post-processing image watermarking an essential tool -- it involves embedding a specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinyu Zhang , Ziping Dong , Qingyu Liu , Yuan Hong , Zhongjie Ba , Kui Ren

While anonymity networks like Tor aim to protect the privacy of their users, they are vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks such as Website Fingerprinting (WF) and Flow Correlation (FC). Recent implementations of WF and FC attacks, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 James K Holland , Jason Carpenter , Se Eun Oh , Nicholas Hopper

Natural language generation (NLG) applications have gained great popularity due to the powerful deep learning techniques and large training corpus. The deployed NLG models may be stolen or used without authorization, while watermarking has…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Tao Xiang , Chunlong Xie , Shangwei Guo , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

Recently, numerous highly-valuable Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been trained using deep learning algorithms. To protect the Intellectual Property (IP) of the original owners over such DNN models, backdoor-based watermarks have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Peizhuo Lv , Hualong Ma , Kai Chen , Jiachen Zhou , Shengzhi Zhang , Ruigang Liang , Shenchen Zhu , Pan Li , Yingjun Zhang

The commercialization of deep learning creates a compelling need for intellectual property (IP) protection. Deep neural network (DNN) watermarking has been proposed as a promising tool to help model owners prove ownership and fight piracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Jia Guo , Miodrag Potkonjak

Training machine learning (ML) models is expensive in terms of computational power, amounts of labeled data and human expertise. Thus, ML models constitute intellectual property (IP) and business value for their owners. Embedding digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Sebastian Szyller , Buse Gul Atli , Samuel Marchal , N. Asokan

We present the Waterfilling circuit selection method, which we designed in order to mitigate the risks of a successful end-to-end traffic correlation attack. Waterfilling proceeds by balancing the Tor network load as evenly as possible on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Florentin Rochet , Olivier Pereira

Deep learning techniques have made tremendous progress in a variety of challenging tasks, such as image recognition and machine translation, during the past decade. Training deep neural networks is computationally expensive and requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Zheng Li , Chengyu Hu , Yang Zhang , Shanqing Guo

Untrustworthy users can misuse image generators to synthesize high-quality deepfakes and engage in unethical activities. Watermarking deters misuse by marking generated content with a hidden message, enabling its detection using a secret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nils Lukas , Abdulrahman Diaa , Lucas Fenaux , Florian Kerschbaum

Watermarking is the process of embedding information into an image that can survive under distortions, while requiring the encoded image to have little or no perceptual difference from the original image. Recently, deep learning-based…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Xiyang Luo , Ruohan Zhan , Huiwen Chang , Feng Yang , Peyman Milanfar

With the broad application of deep neural networks, the necessity of protecting them as intellectual properties has become evident. Numerous watermarking schemes have been proposed to identify the owner of a deep neural network and verify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Fang-Qi Li , Shi-Lin Wang , Alan Wee-Chung Liew