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The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) variant of optimal transport, designed to compare probability densities defined over distinct metric spaces, has emerged as an important tool for the analysis of data with complex structure, such as ensembles of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-15 Mary Chriselda Antony Oliver , Emmanuel Hartman , Tom Needham

A fundamental challenge in data science is to match disparate point sets with each other. While optimal transport efficiently minimizes point displacements under a bijectivity constraint, it is inherently sensitive to rotations. Conversely,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Guillaume Houry , Jean Feydy , François-Xavier Vialard

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance, rooted in optimal transport (OT) theory, quantifies dissimilarity between metric measure spaces and provides a framework for aligning heterogeneous datasets. While computational aspects of the GW…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-02 Zhengxin Zhang , Ziv Goldfeld , Youssef Mroueh , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance enables comparing metric measure spaces based solely on their internal structure, making it invariant to isomorphic transformations. This property is particularly useful for comparing datasets that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Gabriel Rioux , Ziv Goldfeld , Kengo Kato

This paper considers the problem of estimating a matrix that encodes pairwise distances in a finite metric space (or, more generally, the edge weight matrix of a network) under the barycentric coding model (BCM) with respect to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Rocío Díaz Martín , Ivan V. Medri , James M. Murphy

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) problem is a variant of the classical optimal transport problem that allows one to compute meaningful transportation plans between incomparable spaces. At an intuitive level, it seeks plans that minimize the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Hoang Anh Tran , Binh Tuan Nguyen , Yong Sheng Soh

Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) is a powerful tool to compare probability measures whose supports are in different metric spaces. GW suffers however from a computational drawback since it requires to solve a complex non-convex quadratic program. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-18 Tam Le , Nhat Ho , Makoto Yamada

The ability to align points across two related yet incomparable point clouds (e.g. living in different spaces) plays an important role in machine learning. The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) framework provides an increasingly popular answer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Meyer Scetbon , Gabriel Peyré , Marco Cuturi

We propose min Generalized Sliced Gromov--Wasserstein (min-GSGW), a sliced formulation for the Gromov--Wasserstein (GW) problem using expressive generalized slicers. The key idea is to learn coupled nonlinear slicers that assign compatible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ashkan Shahbazi , Xinran Liu , Ping He , Soheil Kolouri

Inspired by the Kantorovich formulation of optimal transport distance between probability measures on a metric space, Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distances comprise a family of metrics on the space of isomorphism classes of metric measure…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-10-07 Facundo Mémoli , Tom Needham

Recently, two concepts from optimal transport theory have successfully been brought to the Gromov--Wasserstein (GW) setting. This introduces a linear version of the GW distance and multi-marginal GW transport. The former can reduce the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-16 Florian Beier , Robert Beinert

Comparing structured objects such as graphs is a fundamental operation involved in many learning tasks. To this end, the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance, based on Optimal Transport (OT), has proven to be successful in handling the specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Cédric Vincent-Cuaz , Rémi Flamary , Marco Corneli , Titouan Vayer , Nicolas Courty

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) transport problem is a relaxation of classic optimal transport, which seeks a transport between two measures while preserving their internal geometry. Due to meeting this theoretical underpinning, it is a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-14 Florian Beier , Robert Beinert

In this paper, we study the design and analysis of a class of efficient algorithms for computing the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance tailored to large-scale graph learning tasks. Armed with the Luo-Tseng error bound…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Jiajin Li , Jianheng Tang , Lemin Kong , Huikang Liu , Jia Li , Anthony Man-Cho So , Jose Blanchet

We study rates of convergence for estimation of the Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance. For two marginals supported on compact subsets of $\R^{d_x}$ and $\R^{d_y}$, respectively, with $\min \{ d_x,d_y \} > 4$, prior work established the rate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Kengo Kato , Boyu Wang

We introduce a theoretical framework for performing statistical tasks---including, but not limited to, averaging and principal component analysis---on the space of (possibly asymmetric) matrices with arbitrary entries and sizes. This is…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Samir Chowdhury , Tom Needham

This work considers the problem of computing distances between structured objects such as undirected graphs, seen as probability distributions in a specific metric space. We consider a new transportation distance (i.e. that minimizes a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-14 Titouan Vayer , Laetitia Chapel , Rémi Flamary , Romain Tavenard , Nicolas Courty

Gromov-Hausdorff distances measure shape difference between the objects representable as compact metric spaces, e.g. point clouds, manifolds, or graphs. Computing any Gromov-Hausdorff distance is equivalent to solving an NP-Hard…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Vladyslav Oles , Nathan Lemons , Alexander Panchenko

Graph coarsening is a technique for solving large-scale graph problems by working on a smaller version of the original graph, and possibly interpolating the results back to the original graph. It has a long history in scientific computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Yifan Chen , Rentian Yao , Yun Yang , Jie Chen

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance is an extension of the optimal transport problem that allows one to match objects between incomparable spaces. At its core, the GW distance is specified as the solution of a non-convex quadratic program…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Junyu Chen , Binh T. Nguyen , Shang Hui Koh , Yong Sheng Soh