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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring reliable deployment of machine learning models. Recent advancements focus on utilizing easily accessible auxiliary outliers (e.g., data from the web or other datasets) in training.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Haiyun Yao , Zongbo Han , Huazhu Fu , Xi Peng , Qinghua Hu , Changqing Zhang

Modern neural networks can assign high confidence to inputs drawn from outside the training distribution, posing threats to models in real-world deployments. While much research attention has been placed on designing new out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Yifei Ming , Hang Yin , Yixuan Li

Efficient and effective Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of AI systems. Existing feature space methods, while effective, often incur significant computational overhead due to their reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Litian Liu , Yao Qin

The capability of reliably detecting out-of-distribution samples is one of the key factors in deploying a good classifier, as the test distribution always does not match with the training distribution in most real-world applications. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Dongha Lee , Sehun Yu , Hwanjo Yu

Supervised learning datasets may contain multiple cues that explain the training set equally well, i.e., learning any of them would lead to the correct predictions on the training data. However, many of them can be spurious, i.e., lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Harold Benoit , Liangze Jiang , Andrei Atanov , Oğuzhan Fatih Kar , Mattia Rigotti , Amir Zamir

The ability to detect objects that are not prevalent in the training set is a critical capability in many 3D applications, including autonomous driving. Machine learning methods for object recognition often assume that all object categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zizhao Li , Xueyang Kang , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital to safety-critical machine learning applications and has thus been extensively studied, with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, the field currently lacks a unified,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jingkang Yang , Pengyun Wang , Dejian Zou , Zitang Zhou , Kunyuan Ding , Wenxuan Peng , Haoqi Wang , Guangyao Chen , Bo Li , Yiyou Sun , Xuefeng Du , Kaiyang Zhou , Wayne Zhang , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection for data-based programs is a goal of paramount importance. Common approaches in the literature tend to train detectors requiring inside-of-distribution (in-distribution, or IoD) and OoD validation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Romain Xu-Darme , Julien Girard-Satabin , Darryl Hond , Gabriele Incorvaia , Zakaria Chihani

Building up reliable Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detectors is challenging, often requiring the use of OOD data during training. In this work, we develop a data-driven approach which is distinct and complementary to existing works: Instead of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jingyang Zhang , Nathan Inkawhich , Randolph Linderman , Ryan Luley , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

One of the challenges for neural networks in real-life applications is the overconfident errors these models make when the data is not from the original training distribution. Addressing this issue is known as Out-of-Distribution (OOD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Sina Sharifi , Taha Entesari , Bardia Safaei , Vishal M. Patel , Mahyar Fazlyab

Models trained with deep learning often fail to signal when inputs fall outside their training data manifold, leading to unreliable predictions under distribution shift. Prior work suggests that effective out-of-distribution (OOD) detection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Brett Barkley , Preston Culbertson , David Fridovich-Keil

Though Self-supervised learning (SSL) has been widely studied as a promising technique for representation learning, it doesn't generalize well on long-tailed datasets due to the majority classes dominating the feature space. Recent work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Jianhong Bai , Zuozhu Liu , Hualiang Wang , Jin Hao , Yang Feng , Huanpeng Chu , Haoji Hu

Recent advances in robust semi-supervised learning (SSL) typically filter out-of-distribution (OOD) information at the sample level. We argue that an overlooked problem of robust SSL is its corrupted information on semantic level,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Yu Wang , Pengchong Qiao , Chang Liu , Guoli Song , Xiawu Zheng , Jie Chen

Several data augmentation methods deploy unlabeled-in-distribution (UID) data to bridge the gap between the training and inference of neural networks. However, these methods have clear limitations in terms of availability of UID data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Saehyung Lee , Changhwa Park , Hyungyu Lee , Jihun Yi , Jonghyun Lee , Sungroh Yoon

Deep neural networks are susceptible to generating overconfident yet erroneous predictions when presented with data beyond known concepts. This challenge underscores the importance of detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples in the open…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Yiye Chen , Yunzhi Lin , Ruinian Xu , Patricio A. Vela

In the problem of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, the usage of auxiliary data as outlier data for fine-tuning has demonstrated encouraging performance. However, previous methods have suffered from a trade-off between classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Hyunjun Choi , JaeHo Chung , Hawook Jeong , Jin Young Choi

The superior performance of object detectors is often established under the condition that the test samples are in the same distribution as the training data. However, in many practical applications, out-of-distribution (OOD) instances are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tianhao Zhang , Shenglin Wang , Nidhal Bouaynaya , Radu Calinescu , Lyudmila Mihaylova

Identifying out-of-distribution (OOD) data at inference time is crucial for many machine learning applications, especially for automation. We present a novel unsupervised semi-parametric framework COMBOOD for OOD detection with respect to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Magesh Rajasekaran , Md Saiful Islam Sajol , Frej Berglind , Supratik Mukhopadhyay , Kamalika Das

Image classification plays a pivotal role across diverse applications, yet challenges persist when models are deployed in real-world scenarios. Notably, these models falter in detecting unfamiliar classes that were not incorporated during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Butian Xiong , Liguang Zhou , Tin Lun Lam , Yangsheng Xu

Deep neural networks suffer from the overconfidence issue in the open world, meaning that classifiers could yield confident, incorrect predictions for out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Thus, it is an urgent and challenging task to detect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Qiuyu Zhu , Guohui Zheng , Yingying Yan