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We developed a reliable probabilistic solar flare forecasting model using a deep neural network, named Deep Flare Net-Reliable (DeFN-R). The model can predict the maximum classes of flares that occur in the following 24 h after observing…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Naoto Nishizuka , Yûki Kubo , Komei Sugiura , Mitsue Den , Mamoru Ishii

A hybrid two-stage machine learning architecture that addresses the problem of excessive false positives (false alarms) in solar flare prediction systems is investigated. The first stage is a convolutional neural network (CNN) model based…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-09 Varad Deshmukh , Natasha Flyer , Kiera Van Der Sande , Thomas Berger

Intermittent magnetohydrodynamical turbulence is most likely at work in the magnetized solar atmosphere. As a result, an array of scaling and multi-scaling image-processing techniques can be used to measure the expected self-organization of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Manolis K. Georgoulis

Evaluating anomaly detection in multivariate time series (MTS) requires careful consideration of temporal dependencies, particularly when detecting subsequence anomalies common in fault detection scenarios. While time series…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-17 Steven C. Hespeler , Pablo Moriano , Mingyan Li , Samuel C. Hollifield

We developed a solar flare prediction model using a deep neural network (DNN), named Deep Flare Net (DeFN). The model can calculate the probability of flares occurring in the following 24 h in each active region, which is used to determine…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Naoto Nishizuka , Komei Sugiura , Yuki Kubo , Mitsue Den , Mamoru Ishii

A deep learning model is often considered a black-box model, as its internal workings tend to be opaque to the user. Because of the lack of transparency, it is challenging to understand the reasoning behind the model's predictions. Here, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Adam O. Rawashdeh , Jason T. L. Wang , Katherine G. Herbert

Automated forecasts serve important role in space weather science, by providing statistical insights to flare-trigger mechanisms, and by enabling tailor-made forecasts and high-frequency forecasts. Only by realtime forecast we can…

Improving the performance of solar flare forecasting is a hot topic in solar physics research field. Deep learning has been considered a promising approach to perform solar flare forecasting in recent years. We first used the Generative…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-15 Zheng Deng , Feng Wang , Hui Deng , Lei Tan , Linhua Deng , Song Feng

Stochastic state estimation methods for continuum robots (CRs) often struggle to balance accuracy and computational efficiency. While several recent works have explored sliding-window formulations for CRs, these methods are limited to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Spencer Teetaert , Sven Lilge , Jessica Burgner-Kahrs , Timothy D. Barfoot

Solar flares are explosions on the Sun. They happen when energy stored in magnetic fields around solar active regions (ARs) is suddenly released. In this paper, we present a transformer-based framework, named SolarFlareNet, for predicting…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-28 Yasser Abduallah , Jason T. L. Wang

Extracted event data from information systems often contain a variety of process executions making the data complex and difficult to comprehend. Unlike current research which only identifies the variability over time, we focus on other…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Ali Norouzifar , Majid Rafiei , Marcus Dees , Wil van der Aalst

Object class detectors typically apply a window classifier to all the windows in a large set, either in a sliding window manner or using object proposals. In this paper, we develop an active search strategy that sequentially chooses the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-15 Abel Gonzalez-Garcia , Alexander Vezhnevets , Vittorio Ferrari

A demonstrated failure mode for operational solar flare forecasting is the inability to forecast flares that occur near, or just beyond, the solar limb. To address this shortcoming, we develop a "4pi" full-heliosphere event forecasting…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-09 K. D. Leka , Eric L. Wagner , Lisa Upton , Bibhuti Kumar Jha , Kiran Jain , Sara Petty

A deep learning network, Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network, is used in this work to predict whether the maximum flare class an active region (AR) will produce in the next 24 hours is class $\Gamma$. We considered $\Gamma$ are $\ge M$,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-27 Xiantong Wang , Yang Chen , Gabor Toth , Ward B. Manchester , Tamas I. Gombosi , Alfred O. Hero , Zhenbang Jiao , Hu Sun , Meng Jin , Yang Liu

Solar flares not only pose risks to outer space technologies and astronauts' well being, but also cause disruptions on earth to our hight-tech, interconnected infrastructure our lives highly depend on. While a number of machine-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Junzhi Wen , Md Reazul Islam , Azim Ahmadzadeh , Rafal A. Angryk

Current solar flare predictions often lack precise quantification of their reliability, resulting in frequent false alarms, particularly when dealing with datasets skewed towards extreme events. To improve the trustworthiness of space…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-10 Jinsu Hong , Chetraj Pandey , Berkay Aydin

The proposed method in this paper is designed to address the problem of time series forecasting. Although some exquisitely designed models achieve excellent prediction performances, how to extract more useful information and make accurate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Yuanpeng He

Solar flares are explosions in the solar atmosphere that release intense bursts of short-wavelength radiation and are capable of producing severe space-weather consequences. Flares release free energy built up in coronal fields, which are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-05 Shamik Bhattacharjee , Rasha Alshehhi , Dattaraj B. Dhuri , Shravan M. Hanasoge

Current post-processing techniques for the correction of atmospheric seeing in solar observations -- such as Speckle interferometry and Phase Diversity methods -- have limitations when it comes to their reconstructive capabilities of solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 John A. Armstrong , Lyndsay Fletcher

Solar flare prediction plays an important role in understanding and forecasting space weather. The main goal of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), one of the instruments on NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, is to study the origin…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Yasser Abduallah , Jason T. L. Wang , Yang Nie , Chang Liu , Haimin Wang