Related papers: Effect of CLIQ on training of HL-LHC quadrupole ma…
In a dipole or in a quadrupole accelerator magnet, the displacement of the coil turns induced by the electromagnetic forces can cause quenches limiting the magnet performance. For this reason, an azimuthal preload is applied to avoid…
The Large Hadron Collider will soon undergo an upgrade to increase its luminosity by a factor of ~10 [1]. A crucial part of this upgrade will be replacement of the NbTi focusing magnets with Nb3Sn magnets that achieve a ~50% increase in the…
By the end of October 2022, the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) had completed fabrication of ten MQXFA magnets and tested eight of them. The MQXFA magnets are the low beta quadrupole magnets to be used in the Q1 and Q3 Inner…
Under the U.S. High Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP), the 150 mm bore, high-field Nb3Sn low-\b{eta} MQXFA quadrupole magnets are being fabricated, assembled and tested, in the context of the CERN Hi-Luminosity LHC…
MQXC is a Nb-Ti quadrupole designed to meet the accelerator quality requirements needed for the phase-1 LHC upgrade, now superseded by the high luminosity upgrade foreseen in 2021. The 2-m-long model magnet was tested at room temperature…
The design and production of Nb3Sn-based dipole and quadrupole magnets is critical for the realization of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Nb3Sn superconducting…
The MQXFA Quadrupole magnets will be installed in High Luminosity LHC to form the Q1 and Q3 inner triplet optical elements in front of the interaction points 1 (ATLAS) and 5 (CMS). A pair of MQXFA units is assembled in a stainless steel…
The use of pressurized bladders for stress control of superconducting magnets was firstly proposed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) in the early 2000s. Since then, the so-called bladders and keys procedure has become one of…
Superconducting magnet training is one of the accelerator related issues attracting attention due to significant operational costs and time budget associated to it. It is especially worrisome that magnets based on the next-generation Nb3Sn…
As superconducting magnet technology is pushed towards higher performance, energy density and total stored energy follow exponentially. Protecting magnets becomes substantially more challenging with traditional methods being stretched to…
The future High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will include the low-beta inner triplets (Q1, Q2a/b, Q3) for two LHC insertion regions. The Q1, Q3 components consist of eight 10 m-long LMQXFA cryo-assemblies…
LHC still does not operate at full energy due to training features in magnets. Higher field practical superconductors (Nb3Sn) show much worse training behavior than NbTi. Most magnet performance issues relate to quenching, and it is this…
An energy of $362\:\text{MJ}$ is stored in each of the two LHC proton beams for nominal beam parameters. This will be further increased to about $700\:\text{MJ}$ in the future High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and uncontrolled beam losses…
The low-beta magnet systems are located in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) insertion regions around the four interaction points. They are the key elements in the beams focusing/defocusing process allowing proton collisions at luminosity up…
The High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will include eight cryo-assemblies that are expected to be fabricated and delivered to CERN by the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) as part of the U.S.…
The US High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) is responsible for delivering cryo-assemblies for the Q1/Q3 quadrupole optical components of the High Luminosity LHC upgrade at CERN. Total of 10 cryo-assemblies containing two…
MQXFA production series quadrupole magnets are being built for the Hi-Lumi (HL) LHC upgrade by the US Accelerator Upgrade Project (US-HL-LHC AUP). These magnets are being placed in pairs, as a cold mass, within cryostats at Fermilab, and…
The High-Luminosity LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) in the U.S. will construct quadrupole magnets to be delivered to CERN. An initial 3 tons, over 600 km total length of conductor was procured under the LHC Accelerator R&D Program…
During testing of the Stress Managed Cosine-Theta dipole mirror magnet SMCTM1, magnet quenches were observed following large voltage spikes in the half-coil voltage taps which preceded normal quench initiation. Following some recent work at…
KEK and NIMS have been jointly developing Nb3Al superconducting wire with a rapid heating and quenching (RHQ) method towards high field accelerator magnets in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade. A15-type superconductors such…