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Variational encoder-decoders (VEDs) have shown promising results in dialogue generation. However, the latent variable distributions are usually approximated by a much simpler model than the powerful RNN structure used for encoding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-07 Xiaoyu Shen , Hui Su , Shuzi Niu , Vera Demberg

Learning to adapt pretrained language models to unlabeled, out-of-distribution data is a critical challenge, as models often falter on structurally novel reasoning tasks even while excelling within their training distribution. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Mohammad Mahdi Moradi , Hossam Amer , Sudhir Mudur , Weiwei Zhang , Yang Liu , Walid Ahmed

Enhancing explainability in speech self-supervised learning (SSL) is important for developing reliable SSL-based speech processing systems. This study probes how speech SSL models encode speaker-specific information via a large-scale…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Aemon Yat Fei Chiu , Kei Ching Fung , Roger Tsz Yeung Li , Jingyu Li , Tan Lee

In recent years, large-scale language models (LLMs) have gained attention for their impressive text generation capabilities. However, these models often face the challenge of "hallucination," which undermines their reliability. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Yuchen Yang , Houqiang Li , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Speech-language models (SLMs) offer a promising path toward unifying speech and text understanding and generation. However, challenges remain in achieving effective cross-modal alignment and high-quality speech generation. In this work, we…

In this paper, we apply a latent class model (LCM) to the task of speaker diarization. LCM is similar to Patrick Kenny's variational Bayes (VB) method in that it uses soft information and avoids premature hard decisions in its iterations.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-26 Liang He , Xianhong Chen , Can Xu , Yi Liu , Jia Liu , Michael T Johnson

Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) transcribes speech by analyzing lip movements. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into VSR systems, leading to notable performance improvements. However, the potential of LLMs has not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zehua Liu , Xiaolou Li , Li Guo , Lantian Li , Dong Wang

Training mental health clinicians to conduct standardized clinical assessments is challenging due to a lack of scalable, realistic practice opportunities, which can impact data quality in clinical trials. To address this gap, we introduce a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Veronica Bossio Botero , Vijay Yadav , Jacob Ouyang , Anzar Abbas , Michelle Worthington

The impressive linguistic abilities of large language models (LLMs) have recommended them as models of human sentence processing, with some conjecturing a positive 'quality-power' relationship (Wilcox et al., 2023), in which language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yi-Chien Lin , Hongao Zhu , William Schuler

Any-to-any voice conversion problem aims to convert voices for source and target speakers, which are out of the training data. Previous works wildly utilize the disentangle-based models. The disentangle-based model assumes the speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Qiqi Wang , Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Jing Xiao

Probabilistic Latent Variable Models (LVMs) provide an alternative to self-supervised learning approaches for linguistic representation learning from speech. LVMs admit an intuitive probabilistic interpretation where the latent structure…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-09 Sameer Khurana , Antoine Laurent , Wei-Ning Hsu , Jan Chorowski , Adrian Lancucki , Ricard Marxer , James Glass

Non-intrusive speech quality assessment (SQA) systems suffer from limited training data and costly human annotations, hindering their generalization to real-time conferencing calls. In this work, we propose leveraging large language models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-11 Fredrik Cumlin , Xinyu Liang , Anubhab Ghosh , Saikat Chatterjee

With the emergence of neural audio codecs, which encode multiple streams of discrete tokens from audio, large language models have recently gained attention as a promising approach for zero-shot Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. Despite the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Jaehyeon Kim , Keon Lee , Seungjun Chung , Jaewoong Cho

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in the field of natural language processing, enabling better human-computer interaction using natural language. However, the seamless integration of speech signals into LLMs has…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Jian Wu , Yashesh Gaur , Zhuo Chen , Long Zhou , Yimeng Zhu , Tianrui Wang , Jinyu Li , Shujie Liu , Bo Ren , Linquan Liu , Yu Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising performance in both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) systems, gradually becoming the mainstream approach. However, most current approaches address these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Wenhao Guan , Zhikang Niu , Ziyue Jiang , Kaidi Wang , Peijie Chen , Qingyang Hong , Lin Li , Xie Chen

How do speech models trained through self-supervised learning structure their representations? Previous studies have looked at how information is encoded in feature vectors across different layers. But few studies have considered whether…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Kyle Janse van Rensburg , Benjamin van Niekerk , Herman Kamper

Humans can retain old knowledge while learning new information, but Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting when post-pretrained or supervised fine-tuned (SFT) on domain-specific data. Moreover, for Multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zilun Zhang , Yutao Sun , Tiancheng Zhao , Leigang Sha , Ruochen Xu , Kyusong Lee , Jianwei Yin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) expand beyond text, integrating speech as a native modality has given rise to SpeechLLMs, which directly process spoken language and enable speech-to-text translation (ST) and other downstream tasks,…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains, bringing significant progress and new opportunities. Despite progress in speech-related tasks, LLMs have not been sufficiently explored in multi-talker…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Lingwei Meng , Shujie Hu , Jiawen Kang , Zhaoqing Li , Yuejiao Wang , Wenxuan Wu , Xixin Wu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Adapting pre-trained text Large Language Models (LLMs) into Speech Language Models (Speech LMs) via continual pretraining on speech data is promising, but often degrades the original text capabilities. We propose Multimodal Depth Upscaling,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Kazuki Yano , Jun Suzuki , Shinji Watanabe