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We study the Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP), introduced by Arkin et al. (SODA'02), where the goal is to wake up a group of $n$ robots, starting from a single active robot. Our focus is on the geometric version of the problem, where robots are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Sharareh Alipour , Kajal Baghestani , Mahdis Mirzaei , Soroush Sahraei

The Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) involves activating a set of initially asleep robots as quickly as possible, starting from a single awake robot. Once activated, a robot can assist in waking up other robots. Each active robot moves at unit…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Sharareh Alipour , Arash Ahadi , Kajal Baghestani

The Freeze Tag Problem consists in waking up a swarm of robots starting with one initially awake robot. Whereas there is a wide literature of the centralized setting, where the location of the robots is known in advance, we focus in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Cyril Gavoille , Nicolas Hanusse , Gabriel Le Bouder , Taïssir Marcé

An optimization problem that naturally arises in the study of swarm robotics is the Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) of how to awaken a set of ``asleep'' robots, by having an awakened robot move to their locations. Once a robot is awake, it can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Esther M. Arkin , Michael A. Bender , Sandor P. Fekete , Joseph S. B. Mitchell , Martin Skutella

In the freeze-tag problem, one active robot must wake up many frozen robots. The robots are considered as points in a metric space, where active robots move at a constant rate and activate other robots by visiting them. In the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Josh Brunner , Julian Wellman

Arkin et al. in 2002 introduced a scheduling-like problem called Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) motivated by robot swarm activation. The input consists of the locations of n mobile punctual robots in some metric space or graph. Only one begins…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Lucas de Oliveira Silva

The freeze tag problem (FTP) aims to awaken a swarm of robots with one or more initial awake robots as soon as possible. Each awake robot must touch a sleeping robot to wake it up. Once a robot is awakened, it can assist in awakening other…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Fatemeh Rajabi-Alni , Alireza Bagheri , Behrouz Minaei-Bidgoli

The Freeze-Tag Problem (FTP) is a scheduling problem with application in robot swarm activation and was introduced by Arkin et al. in 2002. This problem seeks an efficient way of activating a robot swarm, starting with a single active…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Lucas de Oliveira Silva , Lehilton Lelis Chaves Pedrosa

When considering motion planning for a swarm of $n$ labeled robots, we need to rearrange a given start configuration into a desired target configuration via a sequence of parallel, collision-free robot motions. The objective is to reach the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Sándor P. Fekete , Peter Kramer , Christian Rieck , Christian Scheffer , Arne Schmidt

Most existing robot formation problems seek a target formation of a certain \emph{minimal} and, thus, efficient structure. Examples include the Gathering and the Chain-Formation problem. In this work, we study formation problems that try to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Jannik Castenow , Peter Kling , Till Knollmann , Friedhelm Meyer auf der Heide

A scheduling method in a robotic network cloud system with minimal makespan is beneficial as the system can complete all the tasks assigned to it in the fastest way. Robotic network cloud systems can be translated into graphs where nodes…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Saeid Alirezazadeh , Luís A. Alexandre

Let $G = (V, E)$ be an $m_1 \times \ldots \times m_k$ grid. Assuming that each $v \in V$ is occupied by a robot and a robot may move to a neighboring vertex in a step via synchronized rotations along cycles of $G$, we first establish that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Jingjin Yu

Online makespan minimization is a fundamental problem in scheduling. In this paper, we investigate its over-time formulation, where each job has a release time and a processing time. A job becomes known only at its release time and must be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zhaozi Wang , Zhiwei Ying , Yuhao Zhang

Two robots stand at the origin of the infinite line and are tasked with searching collaboratively for an exit at an unknown location on the line. They can travel at maximum speed $b$ and can change speed or direction at any time. The two…

We study the algorithmic problem of optimally covering a tree with $k$ mobile robots. The tree is known to all robots, and our goal is to assign a walk to each robot in such a way that the union of these walks covers the whole tree. We…

Consider a region that requires to be protected from unauthorized penetrations. The border of the region, modeled as a unit line segment, consists of high priority segments that require the highest level of protection separated by low…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Oscar Morales-Ponce

Makespan scheduling on identical machines is one of the most basic and fundamental packing problems studied in the discrete optimization literature. It asks for an assignment of $n$ jobs to a set of $m$ identical machines that minimizes the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Klaus Jansen , Kim-Manuel Klein , José Verschae

We study the problem of scheduling $n$ independent moldable tasks on $m$ processors that arises in large-scale parallel computations. When tasks are monotonic, the best known result is a $(\frac{3}{2}+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithm for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Xiaohu Wu , Patrick Loiseau

We consider the online makespan minimization problem on identical machines. Chen and Vestjens (ORL 1997) show that the largest processing time first (LPT) algorithm is 1.5-competitive. For the special case of two machines, Noga and Seiden…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Zhiyi Huang , Ning Kang , Zhihao Gavin Tang , Xiaowei Wu , Yuhao Zhang

Uncertainty in perception, actuation, and the environment often require multiple attempts for a robotic task to be successful. We study a class of problems providing (1) low-entropy indicators of terminal success / failure, and (2)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-27 James Watson , Nikolaus Correll
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