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Related papers: Accurate and Well-Calibrated ICD Code Assignment T…

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Computerised clinical coding approaches aim to automate the process of assigning a set of codes to medical records. While there is active research pushing the state of the art on clinical coding for hospitalized patients, the outpatient…

Automated international classification of diseases (ICD) coding aims to assign multiple disease codes to clinical documents and plays a critical role in healthcare informatics. However, its performance is hindered by the extreme long-tail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tianlei Chen , Yuxiao Chen , Yang Li , Feifei Wang

ICD Coding aims to assign a wide range of medical codes to a medical text document, which is a popular and challenging task in the healthcare domain. To alleviate the problems of long-tail distribution and the lack of annotations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xu Zhang , Kun Zhang , Wenxin Ma , Rongsheng Wang , Chenxu Wu , Yingtai Li , S. Kevin Zhou

Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have led to automation in various domains. However, clinical NLP often relies on benchmark datasets that may not reflect real-world scenarios accurately. Automatic ICD coding, a vital…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Abhijith R. Beeravolu , Mirjam Jonkman , Sami Azam , Friso De Boer

Diagnostic or procedural coding of clinical notes aims to derive a coded summary of disease-related information about patients. Such coding is usually done manually in hospitals but could potentially be automated to improve the efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Hang Dong , Víctor Suárez-Paniagua , William Whiteley , Honghan Wu

This paper addresses the challenges posed by the unstructured nature and high-dimensional semantic complexity of electronic health record texts. A deep learning method based on attention mechanisms is proposed to achieve unified modeling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Ting Xu , Xiaoxiao Deng , Xiandong Meng , Haifeng Yang , Yan Wu

Obtaining labelled data in a particular context could be expensive and time consuming. Although different algorithms, including unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, self-learning have been adopted, the performance of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Ying Xie , Dongping Song

Mapping clinical documents to standardised clinical vocabularies is an important task, as it provides structured data for information retrieval and analysis, which is essential to clinical research, hospital administration and improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Mingyang Li , Viktor Schlegel , Tingting Mu , Warren Del-Pinto , Goran Nenadic

Method: We develop CNN-based methods for automatic ICD coding based on clinical text from intensive care unit (ICU) stays. We come up with the Shallow and Wide Attention convolutional Mechanism (SWAM), which allows our model to learn local…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Shu Yuan Hu , Fei Teng

We present a novel scalable framework for image change detection (ICD) from an on-board 3D imagery system. We argue that existing ICD systems are constrained by the time required to align a given query image with individual reference image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Kojima Yusuke , Tanaka Kanji , Yang Naiming , Hirota Yuji

Clinical interactions are initially recorded and documented in free text medical notes. ICD coding is the task of classifying and coding all diagnoses, symptoms and procedures associated with a patient's visit. The process is often manual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Zachariah Zhang , Jingshu Liu , Narges Razavian

Medical code assignment, which predicts medical codes from clinical texts, is a fundamental task of intelligent medical information systems. The emergence of deep models in natural language processing has boosted the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Shaoxiong Ji , Erik Cambria , Pekka Marttinen

ICD coding is the process of mapping unstructured text from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to standardised codes defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system. In order to promote trust and transparency, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mingyang Li , Viktor Schlegel , Tingting Mu , Wuraola Oyewusi , Kai Kang , Goran Nenadic

Class distribution plays an important role in learning deep classifiers. When the proportion of each class in the test set differs from the training set, the performance of classification nets usually degrades. Such a label distribution…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Wenao Ma , Cheng Chen , Shuang Zheng , Jing Qin , Huimao Zhang , Qi Dou

While the ICD code assignment problem has been widely studied, most works have focused on post-discharge document classification. Models for early forecasting of this information could be used for identifying health risks, suggesting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Cindy Shih-Ting Huang , Clarence Boon Liang Ng , Marek Rei

Information extraction from textual documents such as hospital records and healthrelated user discussions has become a topic of intense interest. The task of medical concept coding is to map a variable length text to medical concepts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Elena Tutubalina , Zulfat Miftahutdinov

The clinical notes are usually typed into the system by physicians. They are typically required to be marked by standard medical codes, and each code represents a diagnosis or medical treatment procedure. Annotating these notes is time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Guodong Liu

In order to submit a claim to insurance companies, a doctor needs to code a patient encounter with both the diagnosis (ICDs) and procedures performed (CPTs) in an Electronic Health Record (EHR). Identifying and applying relevant procedures…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-30 Hasham Ul Haq , Rameel Ahmad , Sibt Ul Hussain

ICD coding is designed to assign the disease codes to electronic health records (EHRs) upon discharge, which is crucial for billing and clinical statistics. In an attempt to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of manual coding, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Zichen Liu , Xuyuan Liu , Yanlong Wen , Guoqing Zhao , Fen Xia , Xiaojie Yuan

This study investigates the feasibility and performance of federated learning (FL) for multi-label ICD code classification using clinical notes from the MIMIC-IV dataset. Unlike previous approaches that rely on centralized training or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Binbin Xu , Gérard Dray