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Large language models (LLMs) are complex artificial intelligence systems capable of understanding, generating and translating human language. They learn language patterns by analyzing large amounts of text data, allowing them to perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Biwei Yan , Kun Li , Minghui Xu , Yueyan Dong , Yue Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Xiuzhen Cheng

Deep learning has achieved overwhelming success, spanning from discriminative models to generative models. In particular, deep generative models have facilitated a new level of performance in a myriad of areas, ranging from media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Dingfan Chen , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang , Mario Fritz

Generative models are subject to overfitting and thus may potentially leak sensitive information from the training data. In this work. we investigate the privacy risks that can potentially arise from the use of generative adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Abdallah Alshantti , Adil Rasheed , Frank Westad

Large language models (LLMs) have undergone rapid evolution and achieved remarkable results in recent times. OpenAI's ChatGPT, backed by GPT-3.5 or GPT-4, has gained instant popularity due to its strong capability across a wide range of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Fangzhou Wu , Qingzhao Zhang , Ati Priya Bajaj , Tiffany Bao , Ning Zhang , Ruoyu "Fish" Wang , Chaowei Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to social-engineered attacks that are human-interpretable but require a high level of comprehension for LLMs to counteract. Existing defensive measures can only mitigate less than half of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Canaan Yung , Hadi Mohaghegh Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

Generative models learn the distribution of data from a sample dataset and can then generate new data instances. Recent advances in deep learning has brought forth improvements in generative model architectures, and some state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Luke A. Bauer , Vincent Bindschaedler

Malicious intelligent algorithms greatly threaten the security of social users' privacy by detecting and analyzing the uploaded photos to social network platforms. The destruction to DNNs brought by the adversarial attack sparks the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Jiawei Zhang , Jinwei Wang , Hao Wang , Xiangyang Luo

Large, general purpose language models have demonstrated impressive performance across many different conversational domains. While multi-domain language models achieve low overall perplexity, their outputs are not guaranteed to stay within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Anmol Kabra , Ethan R. Elenberg

Collaborative machine learning settings like federated learning can be susceptible to adversarial interference and attacks. One class of such attacks is termed model inversion attacks, characterised by the adversary reverse-engineering the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Dmitrii Usynin , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

The experience and adoption of conversational search is tied to the accuracy and completeness of users' mental models -- their internal frameworks for understanding and predicting system behaviour. Thus, understanding these models can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chadha Degachi , Samuel Kernan Freire , Evangelos Niforatos , Gerd Kortuem

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and its competitors have caused a revolution in natural language processing, but their capabilities also introduce new security vulnerabilities. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung

Machine learning models have been shown to leak information violating the privacy of their training set. We focus on membership inference attacks on machine learning models which aim to determine whether a data point was used to train the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Shadi Rahimian , Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Mario Fritz

LLM-powered chatbots are becoming widely adopted in applications such as healthcare, personal assistants, industry hiring decisions, etc. In many of these cases, chatbots are fed sensitive, personal information in their prompts, as samples…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Aman Priyanshu , Supriti Vijay , Ayush Kumar , Rakshit Naidu , Fatemehsadat Mireshghallah

In this paper, we expand on our previous research of the potential for abuse of generative language models by assessing GPT-3. Experimenting with prompts representative of different types of extremist narrative, structures of social…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Kris McGuffie , Alex Newhouse

Large language models are shown to memorize privacy information such as social security numbers in training data. Given the sheer scale of the training corpus, it is challenging to screen and filter these privacy data, either manually or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Xuandong Zhao , Lei Li , Yu-Xiang Wang

In today's digitally driven world, dialogue systems play a pivotal role in enhancing user interactions, from customer service to virtual assistants. In these dialogues, it is important to identify user's goals automatically to resolve their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Juan A. Rodriguez , Nicholas Botzer , David Vazquez , Christopher Pal , Marco Pedersoli , Issam Laradji

Non-goal oriented dialog agents (i.e. chatbots) aim to produce varying and engaging conversations with a user; however, they typically exhibit either inconsistent personality across conversations or the average personality of all users.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Alex Boyd , Raul Puri , Mohammad Shoeybi , Mostofa Patwary , Bryan Catanzaro

Adversarial information operations can destabilize societies by undermining fair elections, manipulating public opinions on policies, and promoting scams. Despite their widespread occurrence and potential impacts, our understanding of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Keith Burghardt , Kai Chen , Kristina Lerman

Online news platforms commonly employ personalized news recommendation methods to assist users in discovering interesting articles, and many previous works have utilized language model techniques to capture user interests and understand…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Xinyi Li , Yongfeng Zhang , Edward C. Malthouse

The wide deployment of the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) has raised privacy concerns for both clients and servers. While cryptographic primitives can be employed for secure GPT inference to protect the privacy of both parties,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhengyi Li , Yue Guan , Kang Yang , Yu Feng , Ning Liu , Yu Yu , Jingwen Leng , Minyi Guo