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We study Bayesian inverse problems with mixed noise, modeled as a combination of additive and multiplicative Gaussian components. While traditional inference methods often assume fixed or known noise characteristics, real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Paul Hagemann , Robert Gruhlke , Bernhard Stankewitz , Claudia Schillings , Gabriele Steidl

We present a noise-injected version of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm: the Noisy Expectation Maximization (NEM) algorithm. The NEM algorithm uses noise to speed up the convergence of the EM algorithm. The NEM theorem shows that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-15 Osonde Osoba , Bart Kosko

We study image inverse problems with a normalizing flow prior. Our formulation views the solution as the maximum a posteriori estimate of the image conditioned on the measurements. This formulation allows us to use noise models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Jay Whang , Qi Lei , Alexandros G. Dimakis

Mixed linear regression (MLR) model is among the most exemplary statistical tools for modeling non-linear distributions using a mixture of linear models. When the additive noise in MLR model is Gaussian, Expectation-Maximization (EM)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-14 Babak Barazandeh , Ali Ghafelebashi , Meisam Razaviyayn , Ram Sriharsha

This article addresses the issue of estimating observation parameters (response and error parameters) in inverse problems. The focus is on cases where regularization is introduced in a Bayesian framework and the prior is modeled by a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-13 Jean-François Giovannelli

The convergence of expectation-maximization (EM)-based algorithms typically requires continuity of the likelihood function with respect to all the unknown parameters (optimization variables). The requirement is not met when parameters…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-18 Geethu Joseph

This dissertation shows that careful injection of noise into sample data can substantially speed up Expectation-Maximization algorithms. Expectation-Maximization algorithms are a class of iterative algorithms for extracting maximum…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-26 Osonde Adekorede Osoba

In this paper, Bayesian parameter estimation through the consideration of the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) criterion is revisited under the prism of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. By incorporating a sparsity-promoting penalty…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-08-06 Rodrigo Carvajal , Juan C. Agüero , Boris I. Godoy , Dimitrios Katselis

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a fundamental tool in unsupervised machine learning. It is often used as an efficient way to solve Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation problems, especially for models with latent variables. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Iordanis Kerenidis , Alessandro Luongo , Anupam Prakash

We propose an adaptive learning procedure to learn patch-based image priors for image denoising. The new algorithm, called the Expectation-Maximization (EM) adaptation, takes a generic prior learned from a generic external database and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Enming Luo , Stanley H. Chan , Truong Q. Nguyen

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the modes of an observed non-stationary mixture signal in the presence of an arbitrary distributed noise. A novel Bayesian model is introduced to estimate the model parameters from the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-31 Quentin Legros , Dominique Fourer , Sylvain Meignen , Marcelo A. Colominas

The horseshoe prior is known to possess many desirable properties for Bayesian estimation of sparse parameter vectors, yet its density function lacks an analytic form. As such, it is challenging to find a closed-form solution for the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-08 Shu Yu Tew , Daniel F. Schmidt , Enes Makalic

The purpose of this note is to show how the method of maximum entropy in the mean (MEM) may be used to improve parametric estimation when the measurements are corrupted by large level of noise. The method is developed in the context on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Henryk Gzyl , Enrique ter Horst

We propose a data-driven algorithm for the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of stochastic processes from noisy observations. The primary statistical properties of the sought signal is specified by the penalty function (i.e., negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Ha Q. Nguyen , Emrah Bostan , Michael Unser

We consider the inverse problem of estimating an unknown function $u$ from noisy measurements $y$ of a known, possibly nonlinear, map $\mathcal{G}$ applied to $u$. We adopt a Bayesian approach to the problem and work in a setting where the…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-09-20 Masoumeh Dashti , Kody J. H. Law , Andrew M. Stuart , Jochen Voss

We study the convergence of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for mixtures of linear regressions with an arbitrary number $k$ of components. We show that as long as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is $\tilde{\Omega}(k)$,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Jeongyeol Kwon , Constantine Caramanis

In a mixture of linear regression model, the regression coefficients are treated as random vectors that may follow either a continuous or discrete distribution. We propose two Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms to estimate this prior…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-17 Andrew Welbaum , Wanli Qiao

Bayesian methods are actively used for parameter identification and uncertainty quantification when solving nonlinear inverse problems with random noise. However, there are only few theoretical results justifying the Bayesian approach.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-04 Vladimir Spokoiny

While nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations arise naturally in spatiotemporal modeling, inference for such systems often faces two major challenges: sparse noisy data and ill-posedness of the inverse problem of parameter…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-22 Fei Lu , Nils Weitzel , Adam H. Monahan

The Expectation--Maximization Maximum Likelihood (EMML) algorithm belongs to the Expectation--Maximization family and is widely used for image reconstruction problems under Poisson noise.In this paper, we reinterpret EMML as a mirror…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Antonin Clerc , Ségolène Martin , Nicolas Papadakis , Gabriele Steidl
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