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How is knowledge stored in an LLM's weights? We study this via layer pruning: if removing a certain layer does not affect model performance in common question-answering benchmarks, then the weights in that layer are not necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Andrey Gromov , Kushal Tirumala , Hassan Shapourian , Paolo Glorioso , Daniel A. Roberts

The efficient compression of large language models (LLMs) has become increasingly popular. However, recovering the performance of compressed LLMs remains a major challenge. The current practice in LLM compression entails the implementation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Changhai Zhou , Shijie Han , Lining Yang , Yuhua Zhou , Xu Cheng , Yibin Wang , Hongguang Li

Modern large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art machine translation performance, but they do so as broad generalists largely trained for many tasks and capabilities unrelated to translation. Thus, they are heavily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Liu O. Martin , Lucas Bandarkar , Nanyun Peng

With the proliferation of large pre-trained language models (PLMs), fine-tuning all model parameters becomes increasingly inefficient, particularly when dealing with numerous downstream tasks that entail substantial training and storage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nadav Benedek , Lior Wolf

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures face challenges such as high memory consumption and redundancy in experts. Pruning MoE can reduce network weights while maintaining model performance. Motivated by the recent observation of emergent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yanyue Xie , Zhi Zhang , Ding Zhou , Cong Xie , Ziang Song , Xin Liu , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin , An Xu

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become very widespread and are used to solve a wide variety of tasks. To successfully handle these tasks, LLMs require longer training times and larger model sizes. This makes LLMs ideal…

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success by integrating visual and textual modalities. However, they incur significant computational overhead due to the large number of vision tokens processed, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yizheng Sun , Yanze Xin , Hao Li , Jingyuan Sun , Chenghua Lin , Riza Batista-Navarro

We study model pruning methods applied to Transformer-based neural network language models for automatic speech recognition. We explore three aspects of the pruning frame work, namely criterion, method and scheduler, analyzing their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Leonardo Emili , Thiago Fraga-Silva , Ernest Pusateri , Markus Nußbaum-Thom , Youssef Oualil

The increasing size of language models raises great research interests in parameter-efficient fine-tuning such as LoRA that freezes the pre-trained model, and injects small-scale trainable parameters for multiple downstream tasks (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yunqi Zhu , Xuebing Yang , Yuanyuan Wu , Wensheng Zhang

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) are engineered to be robust in contextual understanding and exhibit outstanding performance in various natural language processing tasks. However, their considerable size incurs significant computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Guanchen Li , Xiandong Zhao , Lian Liu , Zeping Li , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Jie He , Ashish Sirasao , Emad Barsoum

The ever-increasing size of large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges for deployment due to their heavy computational and memory requirements. Current model pruning techniques attempt to alleviate these issues by relying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their expensive and time-consuming training. Thus, oftentimes, LLMs are fine-tuned to address a specific task, given the pretrained weights of a pre-trained LLM considered a foundation model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Javier Turek , Uri Ascher , Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

Model pruning seeks to induce sparsity in a deep neural network's various connection matrices, thereby reducing the number of nonzero-valued parameters in the model. Recent reports (Han et al., 2015; Narang et al., 2017) prune deep networks…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Michael Zhu , Suyog Gupta

In spite of strong performance achieved by LLMs, the costs of their deployment are unaffordable. For the compression of LLMs, gradient-based pruning methods present promising effectiveness. However, in these methods, the gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Hourun Zhu , Chengchao Shen

How does scaling the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) affect their core capabilities? We study two natural scaling techniques -- weight pruning and simply training a smaller or larger model, which we refer to as dense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Tian Jin , Nolan Clement , Xin Dong , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Michael Carbin , Jonathan Ragan-Kelley , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite

Large Language Models (LLMs) present significant computational and memory challenges due to their extensive size, making pruning essential for their efficient deployment. Existing one-shot pruning methods often apply uniform sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Florentin Beck , William Rudman , Carsten Eickhoff

Fine-tuning is a crucial paradigm for adapting pre-trained large language models to downstream tasks. Recently, methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have been shown to effectively fine-tune LLMs with an extreme reduction in trainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Reece Shuttleworth , Jacob Andreas , Antonio Torralba , Pratyusha Sharma

Compressing large language models (LLMs), often consisting of billions of parameters, provides faster inference, smaller memory footprints, and enables local deployment. Two standard compression techniques are pruning and quantization, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Satya Sai Srinath Namburi , Makesh Sreedhar , Srinath Srinivasan , Frederic Sala

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across diverse tasks but face deployment challenges due to their massive size. Structured pruning offers acceleration benefits but leads to significant performance degradation. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Meng Li , Peisong Wang , Yuantian Shao , Qinghao Hu , Hongjian Fang , Yifan Zhang , Zhihui Wei , Jian Cheng

Increasing the size of large language models (LLMs) has been shown to lead to better performance. However, this comes at the cost of slower and more expensive inference. Early-exiting is a promising approach for improving the efficiency of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jort Vincenti , Karim Abdel Sadek , Joan Velja , Matteo Nulli , Metod Jazbec