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The secure distribution of the secret random bit sequences known as "key" material, is an essential precursor to their use for the encryption and decryption of confidential communications. Quantum cryptography is a new technique for secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Richard J. Hughes , George L. Morgan , C. Glen Peterson

We discuss the four requirements for a real point-to-point quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) first, and then present two efficient QSDC network schemes with an N ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs. Any one of the authorized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Fu-Guo Deng , Xi-Han Li , Chun-Yan Li , Ping Zhou , Hong-Yu Zhou

Single photon sources (SPSs) are an essential resource for many quantum information technologies. We demonstrate how the inclusion of time-delayed coherent feedback in a scalable waveguide system, can significantly improve the two key SPS…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Gavin Crowder , Lora Ramunno , Stephen Hughes

The direct counterfactual quantum communication protocol involving double chained Mach-Zehnder interferometers requires a single photon input. Here, we show that even with multiphoton light sources, including a strong coherent light source…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Zheng-Hong Li , Shang-Yue Feng , M. Al-Amri , M. Suhail Zubairy

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables the sharing of cryptographic keys secured by quantum mechanics. The BB84 protocol assumed single-photon sources, but practical systems rely on weak coherent pulses vulnerable to photon-number-splitting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Ibrahim Almosallam

Advances in highly sensitive detection techniques for classical coherent communication systems have reduced the received signal power requirements to a few photons per bit. At this level one can take advantage of the quantum noise to create…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-23 Rupesh Kumar , Adrian Wonfor , Richard Penty , Tim Spiller , Ian White

Based on the ideal of order rearrangement and block transmission of photons, we present a quantum secure direct communication scheme using single photons. The security of the present scheme is ensured by quantum no-cloning theory and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jian Wang , Quan Zhang , Chao-jing Tang

Secure communication over long distances is one of the major problems of modern informatics. Classical transmissions are recognized to be vulnerable to quantum computer attacks. Remarkably, the same quantum mechanics that engenders quantum…

Quantum digital signatures (QDS) offer information-theoretic security for message integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation, and constitute a fundamental cryptographic primitive for future quantum networks. Despite significant progress,…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) using entangled photon sources (EPS) is a cornerstone of secure communication. Despite rapid advances in QKD, conventional protocols still employ beam splitters (BSs) for passive random basis selection.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Ayan Kumar Nai , Gopal Prasad Sahu , Rutuj Gharate , C. M. Chandrashekar , G. K. Samanta

Photons have proven to be excellent carriers of quantum information, and play essential roles in numerous quantum information processing (QIP) applications. In particular, heralded single- photon sources via spontaneous parametric-down…

In this letter we propose a theoretical deterministic secure direct bidirectional quantum communication protocol by using swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations, in which the quantum channel for photon transmission can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Z. J. Zhang , Z. X. Man

Throughout history, every advance in encryption has been defeated by advances in hacking with severe consequences. Quantum cryptography holds the promise to end this battle by offering unconditional security when ideal single-photon sources…

Passive implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) sources are highly desirable as they eliminate side-channels that active modulators might introduce. Up till now, passive decoy-state and passive encoding BB84 schemes have both been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Wenyuan Wang , Rong Wang , Victor Zapatero , Li Qian , Bing Qi , Marcos Curty , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We present a quantum secure direct communication(QSDC) scheme as an extension for a proposed supervised secure entanglement sharing protocol. Starting with a quick review on the supervised entanglement sharing protocol -- the "Wuhan"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yue Li , Yu Liu

Device-independent quantum key distribution protocols allow two honest users to establish a secret key with minimal levels of trust on the provider, as security is proven without any assumption on the inner working of the devices used for…

Quantum cryptography (QC) can provide unconditional secure communication between two authorized parties based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics. However, imperfect practical conditions limit its transmission distance and…

Quantum communication is based on the generation of quantum states and exploitation of quantum resources for communication protocols. Currently, photons are considered as the optimal carrier of information, because they enable long-distance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-13 Liat Nemirovsky-Levy , Uzi Pereg , Mordechai Segev

Quantum cryptographic conferencing (QCC) holds promise for distributing information-theoretic secure keys among multiple users over long distance. Limited by the fragility of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, QCC networks based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Shuai Zhao , Pei Zeng , Wen-Fei Cao , Xin-Yu Xu , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Xiongfeng Ma , Li Li , Nai-Le liu , Kai Chen

Detection-efficiency mismatch is a common problem in practical quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Current security proofs of QKD with detection-efficiency mismatch rely either on the assumption of the single-photon light source on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-27 Anton Trushechkin