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Related papers: Neur2BiLO: Neural Bilevel Optimization

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This paper presents a comprehensive review of techniques proposed in the literature for solving bilevel optimization problems encountered in various real-life applications. Bilevel optimization is an appropriate choice for hierarchical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Dhaval Pujara , Ankur Sinha

Bilevel optimization is characterized by a two-level optimization structure, where the upper-level problem is constrained by optimal lower-level solutions, and such structures are prevalent in real-world problems. The constraint by optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ruth Wan Theng Chew , Quoc Phong Nguyen , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Bilevel learning refers to machine learning problems that can be formulated as bilevel optimization models, where decisions are organized in a hierarchical structure. This paradigm has recently gained considerable attention in machine…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Riccardo Grazzi , Massimiliano Pontil , Saverio Salzo , Alain Zemkoho

We propose a new neural network based method for solving inverse problems for partial differential equations (PDEs) by formulating the PDE inverse problem as a bilevel optimization problem. At the upper level, we minimize the data loss with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ray Zirui Zhang , Christopher E. Miles , Xiaohui Xie , John S. Lowengrub

Bilevel optimization is a powerful tool for modeling hierarchical decision making processes. However, the resulting problems are challenging to solve - both in theory and practice. Fortunately, there have been significant algorithmic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Yasmine Beck , Ivana Ljubić , Martin Schmidt

Learning to Optimize (L2O) is a subfield of machine learning (ML) in which ML models are trained to solve parametric optimization problems. The general goal is to learn a fast approximator of solutions to constrained optimization problems,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-04 James Kotary , Himanshu Sharma , Ethan King , Draguna Vrabie , Ferdinando Fioretto , Jan Drgona

Bilevel programming is one of the very active areas of research with many real-life applications in economics and engineering. Bilevel problems are hierarchical problems consisting of lower-level and upper-level problems, respectively. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Kuntal Som , Thirumulanathan D , Joydeep Dutta

Bilevel optimization has become a powerful framework in various machine learning applications including meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and network architecture search. There are generally two classes of bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Kaiyi Ji

Bilevel programs (BPs) find a wide range of applications in fields such as energy, transportation, and machine learning. As compared to BPs with continuous (linear/convex) optimization problems in both levels, the BPs with discrete decision…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-25 Bo Zhou , Ruiwei Jiang , Siqian Shen

Handling uncertainty is critical for ensuring reliable decision-making in intelligent systems. Modern neural networks are known to be poorly calibrated, resulting in predicted confidence scores that are difficult to use. This article…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Gabriele Sanguin , Arjun Pakrashi , Marco Viola , Francesco Rinaldi

Bilevel optimization has found extensive applications in modern machine learning problems such as hyperparameter optimization, neural architecture search, meta-learning, etc. While bilevel problems with a unique inner minimal point (e.g.,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-09 Daouda Sow , Kaiyi Ji , Ziwei Guan , Yingbin Liang

Both bilevel and robust optimization are established fields of mathematical optimization and operations research. However, only until recently, the similarities in their mathematical structure has neither been studied theoretically nor…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Henri Lefebvre , Martin Schmidt , Simon Stevens , Johannes Thürauf

Bi-Level Optimization (BLO) is originated from the area of economic game theory and then introduced into the optimization community. BLO is able to handle problems with a hierarchical structure, involving two levels of optimization tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Risheng Liu , Jiaxin Gao , Jin Zhang , Deyu Meng , Zhouchen Lin

We design and analyze a novel accelerated gradient-based algorithm for a class of bilevel optimization problems. These problems have various applications arising from machine learning and image processing, where optimal solutions of the two…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-20 Sepideh Samadi , Daniel Burbano , Farzad Yousefian

We introduce a framework based on bilevel programming that unifies gradient-based hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. We show that an approximate version of the bilevel problem can be solved by taking into explicit account the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-04 Luca Franceschi , Paolo Frasconi , Saverio Salzo , Riccardo Grazzi , Massimilano Pontil

We investigate relaxations for a class of discrete bilevel programs where the interaction constraints linking the leader and the follower are linear. Our approach reformulates the upper-level optimality constraints by projecting the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-26 Leonardo Lozano , David Bergman , Andre Augusto Cire

Many problems in machine learning involve bilevel optimization (BLO), including hyperparameter optimization, meta-learning, and dataset distillation. Bilevel problems consist of two nested sub-problems, called the outer and inner problems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Paul Vicol , Jonathan Lorraine , Fabian Pedregosa , David Duvenaud , Roger Grosse

Bilevel optimization is a hierarchical framework where an upper-level optimization problem is constrained by a lower-level problem, commonly used in machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization. Existing bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yuman Wu , Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Bilevel optimization problems embed the optimality of a subproblem as a constraint of another optimization problem. We introduce the concept of near-optimality robustness for bilevel optimization, protecting the upper-level solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Mathieu Besançon , Miguel F. Anjos , Luce Brotcorne

Bilevel Optimization Programming is used to model complex and conflicting interactions between agents, for example in Robust AI or Privacy-preserving AI. Integrating bilevel mathematical programming within deep learning is thus an essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Francesco Alesiani
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