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I study the problem of a decision maker choosing a policy which allocates treatment to a heterogeneous population on the basis of experimental data that includes only a subset of possible treatment values. The effects of new treatments are…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-17 Samuel Higbee

In consequential domains, it is often impossible to compel individuals to take treatment, so that optimal policy rules are merely suggestions in the presence of human non-adherence to treatment recommendations. We study personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Angela Zhou

Evaluating the causal impacts of possible interventions is crucial for informing decision-making, especially towards improving access to opportunity. However, if causal effects are heterogeneous and predictable from covariates, personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Ezinne Nwankwo , Michael I. Jordan , Angela Zhou

Approximating model predictive control (MPC) policy using expert-based supervised learning techniques requires labeled training data sets sampled from the MPC policy. This is typically obtained by sampling the feasible state-space and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Dinesh Krishnamoorthy

Dynamic treatment regimes or policies are a sequence of decision functions over multiple stages that are tailored to individual features. One important class of treatment policies in practice, namely multi-stage stationary treatment…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-09 Daiqi Gao , Yufeng Liu , Donglin Zeng

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), or A/B testing, have become the gold standard for optimizing various operational policies on online platforms. However, RCTs on these platforms typically cover a limited number of discrete treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-06 Zhiqi Zhang , Zhiyu Zeng , Ruohan Zhan , Dennis Zhang

Motivated by applications such as college admission and insurance rate determination, we propose an evaluation problem where the inputs are controlled by strategic individuals who can modify their features at a cost. A learner can only…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Nika Haghtalab , Nicole Immorlica , Brendan Lucier , Jack Z. Wang

This paper proposes a novel method to estimate individualised treatment assignment rules. The method is designed to find rules that are stochastic, reflecting uncertainty in estimation of an assignment rule and about its welfare…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-02-22 Toru Kitagawa , Hugo Lopez , Jeff Rowley

Flexible estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects lies at the heart of many statistical challenges, such as personalized medicine and optimal resource allocation. In this paper, we develop a general class of two-step algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-07 Xinkun Nie , Stefan Wager

Static supervised learning-in which experimental data serves as a training sample for the estimation of an optimal treatment assignment policy-is a commonly assumed framework of policy learning. An arguably more realistic but challenging…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-09-04 Toru Kitagawa , Jeff Rowley

Continuous treatments (e.g., doses) arise often in practice, but many available causal effect estimators are limited by either requiring parametric models for the effect curve, or by not allowing doubly robust covariate adjustment. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-21 Edward H. Kennedy , Zongming Ma , Matthew D. McHugh , Dylan S. Small

Neuroeconomics promises to ground welfare analysis in neural and computational evidence about how people value outcomes, learn from experience and exercise self-control. At the same time, policy and commercial actors increasingly invoke…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yiven , Zhu

A dynamic treatment regime effectively incorporates both accrued information and long-term effects of treatment from specially designed clinical trials. As these become more and more popular in conjunction with longitudinal data from…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-29 Rui Song , Weiwei Wang , Donglin Zeng , Michael R. Kosorok

A decision maker typically (i) incorporates training data to learn about the relative effectiveness of treatments, and (ii) chooses an implementation mechanism that implies an ``optimal'' predicted outcome distribution according to some…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-29 Anders Bredahl Kock , David Preinerstorfer

This paper develops a data-driven learning framework for approximating the feasible region and invariant set of a nonlinear system under the nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme. The developed approach is based on the feasibility…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-16 Yuanqiang Zhou , Dewei Li , Yugeng Xi , Yunwen Xu

We propose a method for the approximation of high- or even infinite-dimensional feature vectors, which play an important role in supervised learning. The goal is to reduce the size of the training data, resulting in lower storage…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-06 Patrick Gelß , Stefan Klus , Ingmar Schuster , Christof Schütte

Dynamic treatment regimes are treatment allocations tailored to heterogeneous individuals. The optimal dynamic treatment regime is a regime that maximizes counterfactual welfare. We introduce a framework in which we can partially learn the…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-07-14 Sukjin Han

In this paper, we outline a principled approach to estimate an individualized treatment rule that is appropriate for data from observational studies where, in addition to treatment assignment not being independent of individual…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-05 Jeremy Roth , Noah Simon

Uncertainty quantification of causal effects is crucial for safety-critical applications such as personalized medicine. A powerful approach for this is conformal prediction, which has several practical benefits due to model-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Maresa Schröder , Dennis Frauen , Jonas Schweisthal , Konstantin Heß , Valentyn Melnychuk , Stefan Feuerriegel

In order to identify important variables that are involved in making optimal treatment decision, Lu et al. (2013) proposed a penalized least squared regression framework for a fixed number of predictors, which is robust against the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-16 Chengchun Shi , Rui Song , Wenbin Lu