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Modeling observations as random distributions embedded within Wasserstein spaces is becoming increasingly popular across scientific fields, as it captures the variability and geometric structure of the data more effectively. However, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-08 François Bachoc , Alberto González-Sanz , Jean-Michel Loubes , Yisha Yao

The adapted Wasserstein distance controls the calibration errors of optimal values in various stochastic optimization problems, pricing and hedging problems, optimal stopping problems, etc. However, statistical aspects of the adapted…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Songyan Hou

Because of the special angular distribution of excited electrons by the photoelectric effect, the Gas Pixel Detector (GPD) is effective in measuring keV X-ray polarization of astrophysical events (e.g. gamma-ray bursts), by capturing…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2026-03-05 Pengcheng Ai , Hongtao Qin , Xiangming Sun , Dong Wang , Huanbo Feng , Hongbang Liu

Making sense of Wasserstein distances between discrete measures in high-dimensional settings remains a challenge. Recent work has advocated a two-step approach to improve robustness and facilitate the computation of optimal transport, using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 François-Pierre Paty , Marco Cuturi

We introduce the Wasserstein Transform (WT), a general unsupervised framework for updating distance structures on given data sets with the purpose of enhancing features and denoising. Our framework represents each data point by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kun Jin , Facundo Mémoli , Zane Smith , Zhengchao Wan

We introduce sliced optimal transport dataset distance (s-OTDD), a model-agnostic, embedding-agnostic approach for dataset comparison that requires no training, is robust to variations in the number of classes, and can handle disjoint label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Khai Nguyen , Hai Nguyen , Tuan Pham , Nhat Ho

This note is a continuation of the author's previous work on "Sharp bounds for the max-sliced Wasserstein distance." We use the same technique to obtain an upper bound for the expected max-sliced 2-Wasserstein distance between a compactly…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-18 March T. Boedihardjo

Distributionally-robust optimization is often studied for a fixed set of distributions rather than time-varying distributions that can drift significantly over time (which is, for instance, the case in finance and sociology due to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-01 Iman Shames , Farhad Farokhi

Optimal Transport (OT) has attracted significant interest in the machine learning community, not only for its ability to define meaningful distances between probability distributions -- such as the Wasserstein distance -- but also for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Laetitia Chapel , Romain Tavenard , Samuel Vaiter

Causal optimal transport and adapted Wasserstein distance have applications in different fields from optimization to mathematical finance and machine learning. The goal of this article is to provide equivalent formulations of these concepts…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-01 Mathias Beiglböck , Susanne Pflügl , Stefan Schrott

Variational Inference approximates an unnormalized distribution via the minimization of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. Although this divergence is efficient for computation and has been widely used in applications, it suffers from some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-28 Mingxuan Yi , Song Liu

We obtain essentially matching upper and lower bounds for the expected max-sliced 1-Wasserstein distance between a probability measure on a separable Hilbert space and its empirical distribution from $n$ samples. By proving a Banach space…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-27 March T. Boedihardjo

Motivated by the 2D class averaging problem in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we present a k-means algorithm based on a rotationally-invariant Wasserstein metric for images. Unlike existing methods that are based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Rohan Rao , Amit Moscovich , Amit Singer

The Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) problem provides a framework for aligning heterogeneous datasets by matching their intrinsic geometry, but its statistical and computational scaling remains an issue for high-dimensional problems. Slicing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Xiaoyun Gong , Gabriel Rioux , Ziv Goldfeld

In this work we analyse a number of variants of the Wasserstein distance which allow to focus the classification on the prescribed parts (fragments) of classified 2D curves. These variants are based on the use of a number of discrete…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Agnieszka Kaliszewska , Monika Syga

The quantum Wasserstein distance (W-distance) is a fundamental metric for quantifying the distinguishability of quantum operations, with critical applications in quantum error correction. However, computing the W-distance remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Changchun Feng , Xinyu Qiu , Laifa Tao , Lin Chen

Optimization over the space of probability measures endowed with the Wasserstein-2 geometry is central to modern machine learning and mean-field modeling. However, traditional methods relying on full Wasserstein gradients often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Yewei Xu , Qin Li

Regression loss design is an essential topic for oriented object detection. Due to the periodicity of the angle and the ambiguity of width and height definition, traditional L1-distance loss and its variants have been suffered from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yuke Zhu , Yumeng Ruan , Zihua Xiong , Sheng Guo

We obtain an estimate for the expected subspace robust Wasserstein distance between any probability measure on the unit ball of a separable Hilbert space, and its empirical distribution from $n$ i.i.d. samples.

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Dakshesh Vasan

Optimal transport (OT) distances are increasingly used as loss functions for statistical inference, notably in the learning of generative models or supervised learning. Yet, the behavior of minimum Wasserstein estimators is poorly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Tianyi Lin , Zeyu Zheng , Elynn Y. Chen , Marco Cuturi , Michael I. Jordan