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Prompt learning has achieved great success in efficiently exploiting large-scale pre-trained models in natural language processing (NLP). It reformulates the downstream tasks as the generative pre-training ones to achieve consistency, thus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Ning Liao , Bowen Shi , Xiaopeng Zhang , Min Cao , Junchi Yan , Qi Tian

Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) has emerged as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning paradigm for vision transformers, with conventional approaches utilizing dataset-level prompts that remain the same across all input instances. We observe that this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Xi Xiao , Yunbei Zhang , Xingjian Li , Tianyang Wang , Xiao Wang , Yuxiang Wei , Jihun Hamm , Min Xu

Visual prompt tuning (VPT) is a promising solution incorporating learnable prompt tokens to customize pre-trained models for downstream tasks. However, VPT and its variants often encounter challenges like prompt initialization, prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuzhu Wang , Lechao Cheng , Chaowei Fang , Dingwen Zhang , Manni Duan , Meng Wang

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated exceptional generalization capabilities for downstream tasks. Due to its efficiency, prompt learning has gradually become a more effective and efficient method for transferring VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chenhao Ding , Xinyuan Gao , Songlin Dong , Jizhou Han , Qiang Wang , Zhengdong Zhou , Yuhang He , Yihong Gong

Pre-trained vision-language models are able to interpret visual concepts and language semantics. Prompt learning, a method of constructing prompts for text encoders or image encoders, elicits the potentials of pre-trained models and readily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhenhan Huang , Tejaswini Pedapati , Pin-Yu Chen , Jianxi Gao

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have demonstrated impressive capability in visual tasks, but their fine-tuning often suffers from bias in class-imbalanced scene. Recent works have introduced large language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yongju Jia , Jiarui Ma , Xiangxian Li , Baiqiao Zhang , Xianhui Cao , Juan Liu , Yulong Bian

Open-world object counting leverages the robust text-image alignment of pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) to enable counting of arbitrary categories in images specified by textual queries. However, widely adopted naive fine-tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yiming Zhao , Guorong Li , Laiyun Qing , Amin Beheshti , Jian Yang , Michael Sheng , Yuankai Qi , Qingming Huang

Prompt optimization and fine-tuning are two major approaches to improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). They enhance the capabilities of LLMs from complementary perspectives: the former through explicit natural language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaohe Bo , Rui Li , Zexu Sun , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Zihang Tian , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong

Visual transfer learning for unseen categories presents an active research topic yet a challenging task, due to the inherent conflict between preserving category-specific representations and acquiring transferable knowledge. Vision-Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xiao Shi , Yangjun Ou , Zhenzhong Chen

Vision Transformer (ViT) models have recently emerged as powerful and versatile models for various visual tasks. Recently, a work called PMF has achieved promising results in few-shot image classification by utilizing pre-trained vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Junjie Zhu , Yiying Li , Chunping Qiu , Ke Yang , Naiyang Guan , Xiaodong Yi

Prompt tuning (PT), where a small amount of trainable soft (continuous) prompt vectors is affixed to the input of language models (LM), has shown promising results across various tasks and models for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani

Large vision language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across a wide range of tasks. These capabilities largely stem from visual instruction tuning, which fine-tunes models on datasets consisting of curated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Myeongkyun Kang , Soopil Kim , Xiaoxiao Li , Sang Hyun Park

In computer vision, Visual Prompting (VP) and Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) have recently emerged as lightweight and effective alternatives to full fine-tuning for adapting large-scale vision models within the "pretrain-then-finetune"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Xi Xiao , Yunbei Zhang , Lin Zhao , Yiyang Liu , Xiaoying Liao , Zheda Mai , Xingjian Li , Xiao Wang , Hao Xu , Jihun Hamm , Xue Lin , Min Xu , Qifan Wang , Tianyang Wang , Cheng Han

We empirically investigate proper pre-training methods to build good visual tokenizers, making Large Language Models (LLMs) powerful Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). In our benchmark, which is curated to evaluate MLLMs visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Guangzhi Wang , Yixiao Ge , Xiaohan Ding , Mohan Kankanhalli , Ying Shan

Large pre-trained vision-language (VL) models have shown significant promise in adapting to various downstream tasks. However, fine-tuning the entire network is challenging due to the massive number of model parameters. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jingchen Sun , Jiayu Qin , Zihao Lin , Changyou Chen

Prompt learning is an effective method to customize Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for various downstream tasks, involving tuning very few parameters of input prompt tokens. Recently, prompt pretraining in large-scale dataset (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhenyuan Chen , Lingfeng Yang , Shuo Chen , Zhaowei Chen , Jiajun Liang , Xiang Li

Recent works have shown promising results of prompt tuning in stimulating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, to the best of our knowledge, existing works focus on prompt-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yuan Yao , Bowen Dong , Ao Zhang , Zhengyan Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Leyu Lin , Maosong Sun , Jianyong Wang

With the scale of vision Transformer-based models continuing to grow, finetuning these large-scale pretrained models for new tasks has become increasingly parameter-intensive. Visual prompt tuning is introduced as a parameter-efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Runjia Zeng , Cheng Han , Qifan Wang , Chunshu Wu , Tong Geng , Lifu Huang , Ying Nian Wu , Dongfang Liu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has emerged to mitigate the computational demands of large-scale models. Within computer vision, adapter-based PEFT methods are often favored over prompt-based approaches like Visual Prompt Tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Lingyun Huang , Jianxu Mao , Junfei Yi , Ziming Tao , Yaonan Wang

The objective of this work is to explore how to effectively and efficiently adapt pre-trained visual foundation models to various downstream tasks of semantic segmentation. Previous methods usually fine-tuned the entire networks for each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Lingbo Liu , Jianlong Chang , Bruce X. B. Yu , Liang Lin , Qi Tian , Chang-Wen Chen