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Random number generators (RNG) are an important resource in many areas: cryptography (both quantum and classical), probabilistic computation (Monte Carlo methods), numerical simulations, industrial testing and labeling, hazard games,…
We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…
Device-independent randomness generation and quantum key distribution protocols rely on a fundamental relation between the non-locality of quantum theory and its random character. This relation is usually expressed in terms of a trade-off…
Generating secure random numbers is vital to the security and privacy infrastructures we rely on today. Having a computer system generate a secure random number is not a trivial problem due to the deterministic nature of computer systems.…
Randomness is a crucial resource for a broad range of important applications, such as Monte Carlo simulation and computation, generative artificial intelligence and cryptography. But what is randomness? A widely accepted definition has…
In the report the approach to estimation of quality of planned experiments is considered. This approach is based on the analysis of uncertainty, which will take place under the future hypotheses testing about the existence of a new…
Harnessing quantum processes is an efficient method to generate truly indeterministic random numbers, which are of fundamental importance for cryptographic protocols, security applications or Monte-Carlo simulations. Recently, quantum…
Based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs), an improved pseudo-stochastic sequential cipher generator is proposed. It is effective and efficient because of the two advantages: this generator includes a stochastic neural network that can…
We consider sequential hypothesis testing based on observations which are received in groups of random size. The observations are assumed to be independent both within and between the groups. We assume that the group sizes are independent…
It has been claimed that to close the locality loophole in a Bell experiment, random numbers of quantum origin should be used for selecting the measurement settings. This is how it has been implemented in all recent Bell experiment…
Nowadays random number generation plays an essential role in technology with important applications in areas ranging from cryptography, which lies at the core of current communication protocols, to Monte Carlo methods, and other…
The problem of robust binary hypothesis testing is studied. Under both hypotheses, the data-generating distributions are assumed to belong to uncertainty sets constructed through moments; in particular, the sets contain distributions whose…
Random number generation is a key technology that is useful in a variety of ways. Random numbers are often used to generate keys for data encryption. Random numbers generated at a sufficiently long length can encrypt sensitive data and make…
We address the problem of detecting deviations of binary sequence from randomness,which is very important for random number (RNG) and pseudorandom number generators (PRNG). Namely, we consider a null hypothesis $H_0$ that a given bit…
Markets efficiency implies that the stock returns are intrinsically unpredictable, a property that makes markets comparable to random number generators. We present a novel methodology to investigate ultra-high frequency financial data and…
Random number generators play an essential role in cryptography and key distribution. It is thus important to verify whether the random numbers generated from these devices are genuine and unpredictable by any adversary. Recently, quantum…
Ideal quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce algorithmically random and thus incomputable sequences, in contrast to pseudo-random number generators. However, the verification of the presence of algorithmic randomness and…
We present a general framework for hypothesis testing on distributions of sets of individual examples. Sets may represent many common data sources such as groups of observations in time series, collections of words in text or a batch of…
A remarkable aspect of quantum theory is that certain measurement outcomes are entirely unpredictable to all possible observers. Such quantum events can be harnessed to generate numbers whose randomness is asserted based upon the underlying…
Verification of quantum circuits is essential for guaranteeing correctness of quantum algorithms and/or quantum descriptions across various levels of abstraction. In this work, we show that there are promising ways to check the correctness…