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Optimizing high-dimensional and complex black-box functions is crucial in numerous scientific applications. While Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful method for sample-efficient optimization, it struggles with the curse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Taeyoung Yun , Kiyoung Om , Jaewoo Lee , Sujin Yun , Jinkyoo Park

Diffusion models (DMs) have proven to be effective in modeling high-dimensional distributions, leading to their widespread adoption for representing complex priors in Bayesian inverse problems (BIPs). However, current DM-based posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Haoxuan Chen , Yinuo Ren , Martin Renqiang Min , Lexing Ying , Zachary Izzo

The inverse problem of backward diffusion is known to be ill-posed and highly unstable. Backward diffusion processes appear naturally in image enhancement and deblurring applications. It is therefore greatly desirable to establish a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-18 Leif Bergerhoff , Marcelo Cárdenas , Joachim Weickert , Martin Welk

Diffusion models can be used as learned priors for solving various inverse problems. However, most existing approaches are restricted to linear inverse problems, limiting their applicability to more general cases. In this paper, we build…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-28 Bahjat Kawar , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon , Michael Elad

Diffusion models are widely used for generative tasks across domains. Given a pre-trained diffusion model, it is often desirable to fine-tune it further either to correct for errors in learning or to align with downstream applications.…

Diffusion models have recently shown promise as powerful generative priors for inverse problems. However, conventional applications require solving the full reverse diffusion process and operating on noisy intermediate states, which poses…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuke Xie , Hervé Chauris , Nicolas Desassis

Purpose: The Unadjusted Langevin Algorithm (ULA) in combination with diffusion models can generate high quality MRI reconstructions with uncertainty estimation from highly undersampled k-space data. However, sampling methods such as…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Moritz Blumenthal , Tina Holliber , Jonathan I. Tamir , Martin Uecker

In the realm of medical imaging, inverse problems aim to infer high-quality images from incomplete, noisy measurements, with the objective of minimizing expenses and risks to patients in clinical settings. The Diffusion Models have recently…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-08 Hossein Askari , Fred Roosta , Hongfu Sun

In the Bayesian approach to inverse problems, data are often informative, relative to the prior, only on a low-dimensional subspace of the parameter space. Significant computational savings can be achieved by using this subspace to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Alessio Spantini , Antti Solonen , Tiangang Cui , James Martin , Luis Tenorio , Youssef Marzouk

Diffusion models learn to restore noisy data, which is corrupted with different levels of noise, by optimizing the weighted sum of the corresponding loss terms, i.e., denoising score matching loss. In this paper, we show that restoring data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Jooyoung Choi , Jungbeom Lee , Chaehun Shin , Sungwon Kim , Hyunwoo Kim , Sungroh Yoon

Learning to sample from intractable distributions over discrete sets without relying on corresponding training data is a central problem in a wide range of fields, including Combinatorial Optimization. Currently, popular deep learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sebastian Sanokowski , Sepp Hochreiter , Sebastian Lehner

This paper is devoted to the problem of sampling Gaussian fields in high dimension. Solutions exist for two specific structures of inverse covariance : sparse and circulant. The proposed approach is valid in a more general case and…

Computation · Statistics 2011-05-31 F. Orieux , O. Féron , J. -F. Giovannelli

Denoising diffusion models (DDMs) have recently attracted increasing attention by showing impressive synthesis quality. DDMs are built on a diffusion process that pushes data to the noise distribution and the models learn to denoise. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jaemoo Choi , Yesom Park , Myungjoo Kang

We introduced and analyzed robust recovery-based a posteriori error estimators for various lower order finite element approximations to interface problems in [9, 10], where the recoveries of the flux and/or gradient are implicit (i.e.,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-07-17 Zhiqiang Cai , Shun Zhang

Diffusion models generate high-quality synthetic data. They operate by defining a continuous-time forward process which gradually adds Gaussian noise to data until fully corrupted. The corresponding reverse process progressively "denoises"…

Score-based diffusion models have significantly advanced generative deep learning for image processing. Measurement conditioned models have also been applied to inverse problems such as CT reconstruction. However, the conventional approach,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-02-24 Matthew Tivnan , Dufan Wu , Quanzheng Li

Incorporating a deep generative model as the prior distribution in inverse problems has established substantial success in reconstructing images from corrupted observations. Notwithstanding, the existing optimization approaches use gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Tianci Liu , Tong Yang , Quan Zhang , Qi Lei

Audio inpainting aims to reconstruct missing segments in corrupted recordings. Most of existing methods produce plausible reconstructions when the gap lengths are short, but struggle to reconstruct gaps larger than about 100 ms. This paper…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-13 Eloi Moliner , Vesa Välimäki

This paper is concerned with backward problem for nonlinear space fractional diffusion with additive noise on the right-hand side and the final value. To regularize the instable solution, we develop some new regularized method for solving…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-12-19 Erkan Nane , Nguyen Huy Tuan

Given a noisy linear measurement $y = Ax + \xi$ of a distribution $p(x)$, and a good approximation to the prior $p(x)$, when can we sample from the posterior $p(x \mid y)$? Posterior sampling provides an accurate and fair framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhiyang Xun , Shivam Gupta , Eric Price