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Multilingual Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit robust cross-lingual transfer capabilities, or the ability to leverage information acquired in a source language and apply it to a target language. These capabilities find practical applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shadi Manafi , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

Despite the recent popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Machine Translation (MT), their performance in low-resource languages (LRLs) still lags significantly behind Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models. In this work, we explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Vivek Iyer , Bhavitvya Malik , Pavel Stepachev , Pinzhen Chen , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Phrase break prediction is a crucial task for improving the prosody naturalness of a text-to-speech (TTS) system. However, most proposed phrase break prediction models are monolingual, trained exclusively on a large amount of labeled data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Hoyeon Lee , Hyun-Wook Yoon , Jong-Hwan Kim , Jae-Min Kim

Realignment is a promising strategy to improve cross-lingual transfer in multilingual language models. However, empirical results are mixed and often unreliable, particularly for typologically distant or low-resource languages (LRLs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Quang Phuoc Nguyen , David Anugraha , Felix Gaschi , Jun Bin Cheng , En-Shiun Annie Lee

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

This paper studies the practicality of the current state-of-the-art unsupervised methods in neural machine translation (NMT). In ten translation tasks with various data settings, we analyze the conditions under which the unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Yunsu Kim , Miguel Graça , Hermann Ney

This study examines the cross-linguistic effectiveness of transfer learning for low-resource machine translation by fine-tuning models initially trained on typologically similar high-resource languages, using limited data from the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Saughmon Boujkian

Pre-trained vision and language models such as CLIP have witnessed remarkable success in connecting images and texts with a primary focus on English texts. Despite recent efforts to extend CLIP to support other languages, disparities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhen Zhang , Jialu Wang , Xin Eric Wang

Despite the recent success of automatic metrics for assessing translation quality, their application in evaluating the quality of machine-translated chats has been limited. Unlike more structured texts like news, chat conversations are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Sweta Agrawal , Amin Farajian , Patrick Fernandes , Ricardo Rei , André F. T. Martins

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved top results in recent machine translation evaluations, but they are also known to be sensitive to errors and perturbations in their prompts. We systematically evaluate how both humanly plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Patrícia Schmidtová , Niyati Bafna , Seth Aycock , Gianluca Vico , Wiktor Kamzela , Katharina Hämmerl , Vilém Zouhar

Massively multilingual transformers pretrained with language modeling objectives (e.g., mBERT, XLM-R) have become a de facto default transfer paradigm for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer in NLP, offering unmatched transfer performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Anne Lauscher , Vinit Ravishankar , Ivan Vulić , Goran Glavaš

Neural machine translation is known to require large numbers of parallel training sentences, which generally prevent it from excelling on low-resource language pairs. This thesis explores the use of cross-lingual transfer learning on neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Tom Kocmi

The capacity and effectiveness of pre-trained multilingual models (MLMs) for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer is well established. However, phenomena of positive or negative transfer, and the effect of language choice still need to be fully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Fahim Faisal , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Massively multilingual models for neural machine translation (NMT) are theoretically attractive, but often underperform bilingual models and deliver poor zero-shot translations. In this paper, we explore ways to improve them. We argue that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Biao Zhang , Philip Williams , Ivan Titov , Rico Sennrich

Despite advances in the multilingual capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), their performance varies substantially across different languages and tasks. In multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-based systems, knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Aman Gupta , Yingying Zhuang , Zhou Yu , Ziji Zhang , Anurag Beniwal

Current state-of-the-art models demonstrate capacity to leverage in-context learning to translate into previously unseen language contexts. Tanzer et al. [2024] utilize language materials (e.g. a grammar) to improve translation quality for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jonathan Shaw , Dillon Mee , Timothy Khouw , Zackary Leech , Daniel Wilson

Despite the widespread multilingual deployment of large language models, post-training pipelines remain predominantly English-centric, contributing to performance disparities across languages. We present a systematic, controlled study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Mehak Dhaliwal , Shashwat Chaurasia , Yao Qin , Dezhi Hong , Thomas Butler

Cross-lingual transfer has become a central paradigm for extending natural language processing (NLP) technologies to low-resource languages. By leveraging supervision from high-resource languages, multilingual language models can achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Fred Philippy , Siwen Guo , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

This work focuses on comparing different solutions for machine translation on low resource language pairs, namely, with zero-shot transfer learning and unsupervised machine translation. We discuss how the data size affects the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Aviral Joshi , Chengzhi Huang , Har Simrat Singh

Machine Translation (MT) plays a pivotal role in cross-lingual information access, public policy communication, and equitable knowledge dissemination. However, critical meaning errors, such as factual distortions, intent reversals, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Muskaan Chopra , Lorenz Sparrenberg , Rafet Sifa