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We introduce an original way to estimate the memory parameter of the elephant random walk, a fascinating discrete time random walk on integers having a complete memory of its entire history. Our estimator is nothing more than a…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Bernard Bercu , Lucile Laulin

The purpose of this paper is to establish, via a martingale approach, some refinements on the asymptotic behavior of the one-dimensional elephant random walk (ERW). The asymptotic behavior of the ERW mainly depends on a memory parameter $p$…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Bernard Bercu

The Elephant Random Walk (ERW), first introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper (2004), is a one-dimensional simple random walk on $ \mathbb{Z} $ having a memory about the whole past. We study the Shark Random Swim, a random walk whose steps are $…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-10 Silvia Businger

In this report, we introduce the elephant random walk on the triangular lattice over $R^2$ incorporating directions by extending the model developed in \cite{baur2016elephant}. We study the behavior of the walk by finding the appropriate…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Rohit Chaudhuri

In this article we shall derive functional limit theorems for the multi-dimensional elephant random walk (MERW) and thus extend the results provided for the one-dimensional marginal by Bercu and Laulin (2019). The MERW is a non-Markovian…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-06 Marco Bertenghi

We introduce a generalisation of Sch\"{u}tz and Trimper's elephant random walk to finitely generated groups. We focus on the simplest non-abelian setting, i.e. groups whose Cayley graphs are homogeneous trees of degree $d \ge 3$. We show…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee

We consider in this article an Elephant Random Walk evolving in the plane. Specifically, this is a reinforced stochastic process in which the $n$th step is given by a random rotation of one of the previous steps chosen uniformly at random.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Lucile Laulin , Bastien Mallein

When the memory parameter of the elephant random walk is above a critical threshold, the process becomes superdiffusive and, once suitably normalised, converges to a non-Gaussian random variable. In a recent paper by the three first…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-12 Hélène Guérin , Lucile Laulin , Kilian Raschel , Thomas Simon

We introduce a new random walk with unbounded memory obtained as a mixture of the Elephant Random Walk and the Dynamic Random Walk which we call the Dynamic Elephant Random Walk (DERW). As a consequence of this mixture the distribution of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-04 Cristian F. Coletti , Lucas R. de Lima , Renato J. Gava , Denis A. Luiz

This paper deals with different models of random walks with a reinforced memory of preferential attachment type. We consider extensions of the Elephant Random Walk introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper [2004] with a stronger reinforcement…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-10-16 Erich Baur

Elephant random walk is a kind of one-dimensional discrete-time random walk with infinite memory: For each step, with probability $\alpha$ the walker adopts one of his/her previous steps uniformly chosen at random, and otherwise he/she…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-26 Naoki Kubota , Masato Takei

We consider a generalized model of elephant random walks wherein the walker, during the $(n+1)$-st time-stamp, draws from the past (i.e. the set $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$) a sample of $k$ time-stamps, either with replacement or without, where $k$…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Moumanti Podder , Archi Roy

The elephant random walk is a history-dependent random walk. We study a class of interacting elephant random walks. Our model includes the exclusion process as a special case. By means of Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field arguments, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-21 Chikashi Arita , Eric Ragoucy

We study the elephant random walk in arbitrary dimension $d\geq 1$. Our main focus is the limiting random variable appearing in the superdiffusive regime. Building on a link between the elephant random walk and P\'olya-type urn models, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Hélène Guérin , Lucile Laulin , Kilian Raschel

We study how conditioning affects the long-term behavior of the Elephant Random Walk, focusing on its first return to the origin, namely, the time it takes to forget the training. When the walker is conditioned to be at position $n$ at time…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-19 Zheng Fang

We establish some limit theorems for one-dimensional elephant random walk, including Berry-Esseen bounds, Cram\'{e}r moderate deviations and local limit theorems. These limit theorems can be regarded as refinements of the central limit…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Xiequan Fan , Haijuan Hu , Xiaohui Ma

In this paper, we explain the connection between the Elephant Random Walk (ERW) and an urn model \`a la P\'olya and derive functional limit theorems for the former. The ERW model was introduced by Sch\"utz and Trimper [2004] to study memory…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-07 Erich Baur , Jean Bertoin

We explore the impact of long-range memory on the properties of a family of quantum walks in a one-dimensional lattice and discrete time, which can be understood as the quantum version of the classical "Elephant Random Walk" non-Markovian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-20 Giuseppe Di Molfetta , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto , Silvio M. Duarte Queiros

We consider a discrete-time random walk where the random increment at time step $t$ depends on the full history of the process. We calculate exactly the mean and variance of the position and discuss its dependence on the initial condition…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gunter M. Schütz , Steffen Trimper

In this paper, we consider a generalization of the elephant random walk model. Compared to the usual elephant random walk, an interesting feature of this model is that the step sizes form a sequence of positive independent and identically…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-14 Jérôme Dedecker , Xiequan Fan , Haijuan Hu , Florence Merlevède