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This paper presents a degradation-cost-aware optimization framework for multi-string battery energy storage systems, emphasizing the impact of inhomogeneous subsystem-level aging in operational decision-making. We evaluate four scenarios…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Melina Graner , Martin Cornejo , Holger Hesse , Andreas Jossen

Mobile energy storage systems (MESS) offer great operational flexibility to enhance the resiliency of distribution systems in an emergency condition. The optimal placement and sizing of those units are pivotal for quickly restoring the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-25 Shourya Bose , Sifat Chowdhury , Yu Zhang

This study addresses the challenges of energy deficiencies and high impact low probability (HILP) events in modern electrical grids by developing resilient microgrid energy management strategies. It introduces a sliding Model Predictive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Mohammad Hossein Nejati Amiri , Fawaz Annaz , Mario De Oliveira , Florimond Gueniat

This paper presents an optimal control strategy for operating a solar hybrid system consisting of solar photovoltaic (PV) and a high-power, low-storage battery energy storage system (BESS). A state-space model of the hybrid PV plant is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 Victor Paduani , Qi Xiao , Bei Xu , David Lubkeman , Ning Lu

Due to market, there is flexibility in the price for power purchase by the utility. At the maximum loading condition the cost of power is high, hence conservation voltage reduction (CVR) is a useful technique in reducing power demand of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-04 Mohammad Ostadijafari , Rahul Ranjan Jha , Anamika Dubey

Increased penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and Renewable Energy Systems (RES) transforming the conventional distribution grid into a transactive framework supervised by a distribution system operator (DSO). Although the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Arnab Dey , Vivek Khatana , Ankur Mani , Murti V. Salapaka

Battery energy storage systems (BESS) play an increasingly vital role in integrating renewable generation into power grids due to their ability to dynamically balance supply. Grid-tied batteries typically employ power converters, where…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Arash Omidi , Tanmay Mishra , Mads R. Almassalkhi

This paper proposes and experimentally validates a joint control and scheduling framework for a grid-forming converter-interfaced BESS providing multiple services to the electrical grid. The framework is designed to dispatch the operation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-20 Francesco Gerini , Yihui Zuo , Rahul Gupta , Elena Vagnoni , Rachid Cherkaoui , Mario Paolone

Battery swapping stations (BSS) offer a fast and scalable alternative to conventional electric vehicle (EV) charging, gaining growing policy support worldwide. However, existing BSS control strategies typically rely on heuristics or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Ruochen Li , Zhichao Chen , Zhaoting Zhang , Renjie Guo , Zhankun Sun , Jiwei Yao , Jiaze Ma

This paper presents a unified framework for the optimal scheduling of battery dispatch and internal power allocation in Battery energy storage systems (BESS). This novel approach integrates both market-based (price-aware) signals and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Sheng Yin , Vivek Teja Tanjavooru , Thomas Hamacher , Christoph Goebel , Holger Hesse

Motivated by the need of assessing the optimal allocation of battery energy storage services across various markets and the corresponding impact on market operations, an optimization framework is proposed in this work to coordinate the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-25 Reza Khalilisenobari , Meng Wu

This work considers energy management in a grid-connected microgrid which consists of multiple conventional generators (CGs), renewable generators (RGs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). A two-stage optimization approach is presented to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-21 Wuhua Hu , Ping Wang , Hoay Beng Gooi

Frequency response and voltage support are vital ancillary services for power grids. In this paper, we design and experimentally validate a real-time control framework for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to provide ancillary services…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Zhao Yuan , Antonio Zecchino , Rachid Cherkaoui , Mario Paolone

The objective of this work is to reduce the storage dimensions required to operate a coupled photovoltaic (PV) and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in an electricity market, while keeping the same level of performance. Performance is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-16 Thomas Carriere , Christophe Vernay , Sebastien Pitaval , Franccois-Pascal Neirac , George Kariniotakis

Adoption of battery energy storage systems for behind-the-meters application offers valuable benefits for demand charge management as well as increasing PV-utilization. The key point is that while the benefit/cost ratio for a single…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-12-20 M. E. Raoufat , B. Asghari , R. Sharma

The transient behavior of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) systems is a critical aspect of power system operation. Therefore, fully extracting the potential of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) for AGC enhancement is of paramount…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-27 Yiqiao Xu , Alessandra Parisio , Zhongguo Li , Zhen Dong , Zhengtao Ding

We consider multi-value expansion planning (MEP), a general bilevel optimization model in which a planner optimizes arbitrary functions of the dispatch outcome in the presence of a partially controllable, competitive electricity market. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Anthony Degleris , Abbas El Gamal , Ram Rajagopal

Batteries play a critical role in microgrid energy management by ensuring power balance, enhancing renewable utilization, and reducing operational costs. However, battery degradation poses a significant challenge, particularly under extreme…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Rui Xie , Jun Wang , Jiaxu Duan , Chao Ma , Yunhui Liu , Yue Chen

Sizing a residential microgrid efficiently requires solving a coupled design-and-operation problem: photovoltaic (PV) and battery capacities should be chosen in a way that reflects how the system will actually be dispatched over time. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Mohamad Chehade , Sami Karaki

Microgrids are local energy systems that integrate energy production, demand, and storage units. They are generally connected to the regional grid to import electricity when local production and storage do not meet the demand. In this…