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Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is the problem of planning conflict-free paths from the designated start locations to goal positions for multiple agents. It underlies a variety of real-world tasks, including multi-robot coordination,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhanjiang Yang , Yang Shen , Yueming Li , Meng Li , Lijun Sun

In environments where many automated guided vehicles (AGVs) operate, planning efficient, collision-free paths is essential. Related research has mainly focused on environments with pre-defined passages, resulting in space inefficiency. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hiroya Makino , Yoshihiro Ohama , Seigo Ito

The Multi-Agent Pathfinding (MAPF) problem involves finding a set of conflict-free paths for a group of agents confined to a graph. In typical MAPF scenarios, the graph and the agents' starting and ending vertices are known beforehand,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) is a widely used heuristic method for solving combinatorial optimization problems. ALNS explores the solution space by iteratively using destroy and repair operators with probabilities, which are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Shaohua Yu , Wenhao Mao , Zigao Wu , Jakob Puchinger

This study extends the recently-developed LaCAM algorithm for multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF). LaCAM is a sub-optimal search-based algorithm that uses lazy successor generation to dramatically reduce the planning effort. We present two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Keisuke Okumura

Lazy search algorithms have been developed to efficiently solve planning problems in domains where the computational effort is dominated by the cost of edge evaluation. The existing algorithms operate by intelligently balancing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Shohin Mukherjee , Sandip Aine , Maxim Likhachev

Multi-agent path planning is a challenging problem with numerous real-life applications. Running a centralized search such as A* in the combined state space of all units is complete and cost-optimal, but scales poorly, as the state space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Ko-Hsin Cindy Wang , Adi Botea

We consider a vehicle routing problem which seeks to minimize cost subject to time window and synchronization constraints. In this problem, the fleet of vehicles is categorized into regular and special vehicles. Some customers require both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Minh Hoàng Hà , Tat Dat Nguyen , Thinh Nguyen Duy , Hoang Giang Pham , Thuy Do , Louis-Martin Rousseau

We formalize and study the multi-goal task assignment and path finding (MG-TAPF) problem from theoretical and algorithmic perspectives. The MG-TAPF problem is to compute an assignment of tasks to agents, where each task consists of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Xinyi Zhong , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig , Hang Ma

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been an increasingly important research topic in the last half-decade because of its great potential for real-world applications. Because of the curse of dimensionality, the popular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina

We consider a Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) setting where agents have been assigned a plan, but during its execution some agents are delayed. Instead of replanning from scratch when such a delay occurs, we propose delay introduction,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Justin Kottinger , Tzvika Geft , Shaull Almagor , Oren Salzman , Morteza Lahijanian

In this paper, we study the shortest path problem (SPP) with multiple source-destination pairs (MSD), namely MSD-SPP, to minimize average travel time of all shortest paths. The inherent traffic capacity limits within a road network…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jiaming Yin , Weixiong Rao , Yu Xiao , Keshuang Tang

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding a set of collision-free paths, one for each agent in a shared environment. Its objective is to minimize the sum of path costs (SOC), where the path cost of each agent is defined as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shao-Hung Chan , Thomy Phan , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a long-standing problem in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in which one needs to find a set of collision-free paths for a group of mobile agents (robots) operating in the shared workspace. Due to its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Zain Alabedeen Ali , Konstantin Yakovlev

Lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding (LMAPF) repeatedly finds collision-free paths for multiple agents that are continually assigned new goals when they reach current ones. Recently, this field has embraced learning-based methods, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-20 He Jiang , Yutong Wang , Rishi Veerapaneni , Tanishq Duhan , Guillaume Sartoretti , Jiaoyang Li

Modern scientific discovery increasingly relies on high-performance computing for complex modeling and simulation. A key challenge in improving parallel program performance is efficiently mapping tasks to processors and data to memory, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Anjiang Wei , Allen Nie , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Rohan Yadav , Wonchan Lee , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) under one-shot planning is a core component of warehouse automation, yet classical formulations typically assume four-connected 2D grids with unit-time moves in four directions. To fill reality gaps while…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hiroki Nagai , Keisuke Okumura

Typical Multi-agent Path Finding (MAPF) solvers assume that agents move synchronously, thus neglecting the reality gap in timing assumptions, e.g., delays caused by an imperfect execution of asynchronous moves. So far, two policies enforce…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Keisuke Okumura , Yasumasa Tamura , Xavier Défago

During the execution of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) plans in real-life applications, the MAPF assumption that the fleet's movement is perfectly synchronized does not apply. Since one or more of the agents may become delayed due to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-29 David Zahrádka , David Woller , Denisa Mužíková , Miroslav Kulich , Libor Přeučil

Among sub-optimal MAPF solvers, rule-based algorithms are particularly appealing since they are complete. Even in crowded scenarios, they allow finding a feasible solution that brings each agent to its target, preventing deadlock…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-10 S. Ardizzoni , I. Saccani , L. Consolini , M. Locatelli