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Neural ranking models (NRMs) have demonstrated effective performance in several information retrieval (IR) tasks. However, training NRMs often requires large-scale training data, which is difficult and expensive to obtain. To address this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Yen-Chieh Lien , Hamed Zamani , W. Bruce Croft

Weak supervision (WS) frameworks are a popular way to bypass hand-labeling large datasets for training data-hungry models. These approaches synthesize multiple noisy but cheaply-acquired estimates of labels into a set of high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Changho Shin , Winfred Li , Harit Vishwakarma , Nicholas Roberts , Frederic Sala

Creating large, good quality labeled data has become one of the major bottlenecks for developing machine learning applications. Multiple techniques have been developed to either decrease the dependence of labeled data (zero/few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Abhinav Bohra , Huy Nguyen , Devashish Khatwani

Supervised learning usually requires a large amount of labelled data. However, attaining ground-truth labels is costly for many tasks. Alternatively, weakly supervised methods learn with cheap weak signals that only approximately label some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 You Lu , Wenzhuo Song , Chidubem Arachie , Bert Huang

Labeling training data has become one of the major roadblocks to using machine learning. Among various weak supervision paradigms, programmatic weak supervision (PWS) has achieved remarkable success in easing the manual labeling bottleneck…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Jieyu Zhang , Cheng-Yu Hsieh , Yue Yu , Chao Zhang , Alexander Ratner

With Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly approaching and potentially surpassing human-level performance, it has become imperative to develop approaches capable of effectively supervising and enhancing these powerful models using smaller,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Aakriti Agrawal , Mucong Ding , Zora Che , Chenghao Deng , Anirudh Satheesh , Bang An , Bayan Bruss , John Langford , Furong Huang

With Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly approaching and potentially surpassing human-level performance, it has become imperative to develop approaches capable of effectively supervising and enhancing these powerful models using smaller,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Aakriti Agrawal , Mucong Ding , Zora Che , Chenghao Deng , Anirudh Satheesh , Bang An , Bayan Bruss , John Langford , Furong Huang

To reduce the human annotation efforts, the programmatic weak supervision (PWS) paradigm abstracts weak supervision sources as labeling functions (LFs) and involves a label model to aggregate the output of multiple LFs to produce training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Renzhi Wu , Shen-En Chen , Jieyu Zhang , Xu Chu

A cost-effective alternative to manual data labeling is weak supervision (WS), where data samples are automatically annotated using a predefined set of labeling functions (LFs), rule-based mechanisms that generate artificial labels for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Anastasiia Sedova , Benjamin Roth

We introduce Integrated Weak Learning, a principled framework that integrates weak supervision into the training process of machine learning models. Our approach jointly trains the end-model and a label model that aggregates multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Peter Hayes , Mingtian Zhang , Raza Habib , Jordan Burgess , Emine Yilmaz , David Barber

Annotating datasets is one of the main costs in nowadays supervised learning. The goal of weak supervision is to enable models to learn using only forms of labelling which are cheaper to collect, as partial labelling. This is a type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Vivien Cabannes , Alessandro Rudi , Francis Bach

In this paper we propose a novel learning framework called Supervised and Weakly Supervised Learning where the goal is to learn simultaneously from weakly and strongly labeled data. Strongly labeled data can be simply understood as fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Anurag Kumar , Bhiksha Raj

Applied mathematics and machine computations have raised a lot of hope since the recent success of supervised learning. Many practitioners in industries have been trying to switch from their old paradigms to machine learning. Interestingly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Vivien Cabannes

Weakly supervised data are widespread and have attracted much attention. However, since label quality is often difficult to guarantee, sometimes the use of weakly supervised data will lead to unsatisfactory performance, i.e., performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li , Ming Li , Jin-Feng Yi , Bo-Wen Zhou , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Among the flourishing research of weakly supervised learning (WSL), we recognize the lack of a unified interpretation of the mechanism behind the weakly supervised scenarios, let alone a systematic treatment of the risk rewrite problem, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Chao-Kai Chiang , Masashi Sugiyama

Frame-level micro- and macro-expression spotting methods require time-consuming frame-by-frame observation during annotation. Meanwhile, video-level spotting lacks sufficient information about the location and number of expressions during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Wang-Wang Yu , Xian-Shi Zhang , Fu-Ya Luo , Yijun Cao , Kai-Fu Yang , Hong-Mei Yan , Yong-Jie Li

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for performing privacy-preserving, distributed learning with a set of clients. However, the data distribution among clients often exhibits non-IID, i.e., distribution shift, which makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Zhe Qu , Xingyu Li , Rui Duan , Yao Liu , Bo Tang , Zhuo Lu

Creating labeled training sets has become one of the major roadblocks in machine learning. To address this, recent \emph{Weak Supervision (WS)} frameworks synthesize training labels from multiple potentially noisy supervision sources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Jieyu Zhang , Bohan Wang , Xiangchen Song , Yujing Wang , Yaming Yang , Jing Bai , Alexander Ratner

A popular approach to decrease the need for costly manual annotation of large data sets is weak supervision, which introduces problems of noisy labels, coverage and bias. Methods for overcoming these problems have either relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Andreas Stephan , Benjamin Roth

The complexity of learning problems, such as Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and its variants, multi-task and meta-learning, hyper-parameter learning, and a variety of real-world vision applications, demands a deeper understanding of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Risheng Liu , Jiaxin Gao , Xuan Liu , Xin Fan
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