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Selective contests can impair participants' overall welfare in overcompetitive environments, such as school admissions. This paper models the situation as an optimal contest design problem with binary actions, treating effort costs as…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-10-07 Penghuan Yan

Experiments on decision making under uncertainty are known to display a classical pattern of risk aversion and risk seeking referred to as "fourfold pattern" (or "reflection effect") , but recent experiments varying the speed and order of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-17 Francesco Fumarola , Lukasz Kusmierz , Ronald B. Dekker

Interval-censored data are common in fields such as epidemiology and demography. When the failure event of interest is relatively rare and the collection of covariates is costly, researchers often adopt the case-cohort design to reduce…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-29 Yeyu Xiao , Yonghong Long

Reasoning about uncertainty is vital in many real-life autonomous systems. However, current state-of-the-art planning algorithms cannot either reason about uncertainty explicitly, or do so with a high computational burden. Here, we focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Moran Barenboim , Vadim Indelman

Risk prediction models are widely used to guide real-world decision-making in areas such as healthcare and economics, and they also play a key role in estimating nuisance parameters in semiparametric inference. The super learner is a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-05 Anders Munch , Thomas A. Gerds

Evolution of belief systems has always been in focus of cognitive research. In this paper we delineate a new model describing belief systems as a network of statements considered true. Testing the model a small number of parameters enabled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-07-04 Miklos Antal , Laszlo Balogh

Surprisal theory posits that the cognitive effort required to comprehend a word is determined by its contextual predictability, quantified as surprisal. Traditionally, surprisal theory treats words as distinct entities, overlooking any…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Clara Meister , Mario Giulianelli , Tiago Pimentel

We consider the psychological effect of preference reversal and show that it finds a natural explanation in the frame of quantum decision theory. When people choose between lotteries with non-negative payoffs, they prefer a more certain…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-10-09 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

Normative decision theory proves inadequate for modeling human responses to the social-engineering campaigns of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks. Behavioral decision theory fares better, but still falls short of capturing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Iain Embrey , Kim Kaivanto

This paper axiomatizes, in a two-stage setup, a new theory for decision under risk and ambiguity. The axiomatized preference relation $\succeq$ on the space $\tilde{V}$ of random variables induces an ambiguity index $c$ on the space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Roger J. A. Laeven , Mitja Stadje

Modeling persuasive language has the potential to better facilitate our decision-making processes. Despite its importance, computational modeling of persuasion is still in its infancy, largely due to the lack of benchmark datasets that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang

We propose a novel symbolic modeling framework for decision-making under risk that merges interpretability with the core insights of Prospect Theory. Our approach replaces opaque utility curves and probability weighting functions with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ali Arslan Yousaf , Umair Rehman , Muhammad Umair Danish

Inspired by the theory of desirable gambles that is used to model uncertainty in the field of imprecise probabilities, I present a theory of desirable things. Its aim is to model a subject's beliefs about which things are desirable. What…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Jasper De Bock

Gilboa and Schmeidler's (1989) uncertainty aversion plays a central role in decision theory and economics, yet many inconsistent behaviors have been observed in experiments. Motivated by this, we study an axiom postulating a minimal degree…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-22 Kensei Nakamura , Shohei Yanagita

We study the societal impact of pseudo-scientific assumptions for predicting the behavior of people in a straightforward application of machine learning to risk prediction in financial lending. This use case also exemplifies the impact of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Bruno Scarone , Ricardo Baeza-Yates

We use decision theory to confront uncertainty that is sufficiently broad to incorporate "models as approximations." We presume the existence of a featured collection of what we call "structured models" that have explicit substantive…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-08-22 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Lars Peter Hansen , Fabio Maccheroni , Massimo Marinacci

Attractor neural network models of cortical decision-making circuits represent them as dynamical systems in the state space of neural firing rates with the attractors of the network encoding possible decisions. While the attractors of these…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-12 Safaan Sadiq

We present a novel model for capturing the behavior of an agent exhibiting sunk-cost bias in a stochastic environment. Agents exhibiting sunk-cost bias take into account the effort they have already spent on an endeavor when they evaluate…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Jon Kleinberg , Sigal Oren , Manish Raghavan , Nadav Sklar

Deception plays a key role in adversarial or strategic interactions for the purpose of self-defence and survival. This paper introduces a general framework and solution to address deception. Most existing approaches for deception consider…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Bo Wu , Murat Cubuktepe , Suda Bharadwaj , Ufuk Topcu

This paper extends my research applying statistical decision theory to treatment choice with sample data, using maximum regret to evaluate the performance of treatment rules. The specific new contribution is to study as-if optimization…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-10-05 Charles F. Manski