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In recent years, scientific machine learning, particularly physic-informed neural networks (PINNs), has introduced new innovative methods to understanding the differential equations that describe power system dynamics, providing a more…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Huynh T. T. Tran , Hieu T. Nguyen

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) present a transformative approach for smart grid modeling by integrating physical laws directly into learning frameworks, addressing critical challenges of data scarcity and physical consistency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Julen Cestero , Carmine Delle Femine , Kenji S. Muro , Marco Quartulli , Marcello Restelli

Over the past few years, neural network methods have evolved in various directions for approximating partial differential equations (PDEs). A promising new development is the integration of neural networks with classical numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Georgios Grekas , Charalambos G. Makridakis , Tristan Pryer

In this paper, we propose a refinement strategy to the well-known Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) based on the concept of Optimal Transport (OT). Conventional black-box PINNs…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Vaishnav Tadiparthi , Raktim Bhattacharya

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) combine deep learning with physical constraints for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), and are widely applied in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics. However, PINN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xujia Chen , Xinyue Hu , Letian Chen , Daming Shi , Wenhui Fan

We show that the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), in combination with some recently developed discontinuity capturing neural networks, can be applied to solve optimal control problems subject to partial differential equations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Ming-Chih Lai , Yongcun Song , Xiaoming Yuan , Hangrui Yue , Tianyou Zeng

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are numerical solvers that embed all the physical information of a system into the loss function of a neural network. In this way the learned solution accounts for data (if available), the governing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Andrés Martínez-Esteban , Pablo Calvo-Barlés , Luis Martín-Moreno , Sergio G Rodrigo

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) viewpoint is widely employed to analyze the training dynamics of overparameterized Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). However, unlike the case of linear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Andrea Bonfanti , Giuseppe Bruno , Cristina Cipriani

Motivated by recent research on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), we make the first attempt to introduce the PINNs for numerical simulation of the elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on 3D manifolds. PINNs are one of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Zhuochao Tang , Zhuojia Fu

Recent works in deep learning have shown that integrating differentiable physics simulators into the training process can greatly improve the quality of results. Although this combination represents a more complex optimization task than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Patrick Schnell , Philipp Holl , Nils Thuerey

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative for solving partial differential equations, offering a mesh-free framework that incorporates physical laws directly into the learning process. In this…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Gal G. Shaviner , Hemanth Chandravamsi , Shimon Pisnoy , Ziv Chen , Steven H. Frankel

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are capable of finding the solution for a given boundary value problem. We employ several ideas from the finite element method (FEM) to enhance the performance of existing PINNs in engineering…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Shahed Rezaei , Ali Harandi , Ahmad Moeineddin , Bai-Xiang Xu , Stefanie Reese

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are one popular approach to incorporate a priori knowledge about physical systems into the learning framework. PINNs are known to be robust for smaller training sets, derive better generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Birgit Hillebrecht , Benjamin Unger

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are revolutionizing science and engineering practice by bringing together the power of deep learning to bear on scientific computation. In forward modeling problems, PINNs are meshless partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yicheng Wang , Xiaotian Han , Chia-Yuan Chang , Daochen Zha , Ulisses Braga-Neto , Xia Hu

We revisit the original approach of using deep learning and neural networks to solve differential equations by incorporating the knowledge of the equation. This is done by adding a dedicated term to the loss function during the optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Hubert Baty , Leo Baty

Parallel physical information neural networks (P-PINNs) have been widely used to solve systems with multiple coupled physical fields, such as the coupled Stokes-Darcy equations with Beavers-Joseph-Saffman (BJS) interface conditions.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-21 Li Shan , Xi Shen

The research in Artificial Intelligence methods with potential applications in science has become an essential task in the scientific community last years. Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) is one of this methods and represent a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 Luis Medrano Navarro , Luis Martín Moreno , Sergio G Rodrigo

Solutions to differential equations are of significant scientific and engineering relevance. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising method for solving differential equations, but they lack a theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Blake Bullwinkel , Dylan Randle , Pavlos Protopapas , David Sondak

A novel comparison is presented of the effect of optimiser choice on the accuracy of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). To give insight into why some optimisers are better, a new approach is proposed that tracks the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Nayara Fonseca , Veronica Guidetti , Will Trojak