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This paper discusses the different contemporaneous causal interpretations of Panel Vector Autoregressions (PVAR). I show that the interpretation of PVARs depends on the distribution of the causing variable, and can range from average…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-28 Raimondo Pala

This paper provides an approach to establishing the calculus method from the concept of mean, i.e., average. This approach is from a statistics perspective and can help calculus learners understand calculus ideas and analyze a function…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2014-06-12 Samuel S. P. Shen , Dov Zazkis , Kimberly Leung , Chris Rasmussen

Many experiments record sequential trajectories where each trajectory consists of oscillations and fluctuations around zero. Such trajectories can be viewed as zero-mean functional data. When there are structural breaks (on the sequence of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-11 Shuhao Jiao , Ron D. Frostig , Hernando Ombao

Multivariate regression models and ANOVA are probably the most frequently applied methods of all statistical analyses. We study the case where the predictors are qualitative variables, and the response variable is quantitative. In this…

Applications · Statistics 2021-05-04 Abraham Gutierrez , Sebastian Müller

Sleeve functions are generalizations of the well-established ridge functions that play a major role in the theory of partial differential equation, medical imaging, statistics, and neural networks. Where ridge functions are non-linear,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-15 Robert Beinert

Administrative data, or non-probability sample data, are increasingly being used to obtain official statistics due to their many benefits over survey methods. In particular, they are less costly, provide a larger sample size, and are not…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-30 Asma Bahamyirou , Mireille E. Schnitzer

Solutions to multi-objective optimization problems can generally not be compared or ordered, due to the lack of orderability of the single objectives. Furthermore, decision-makers are often made to believe that scaled objectives can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Sebastian Hönel , Welf Löwe

In current applied research the most-used route to an analysis of composition is through log-ratios -- that is, contrasts among log-transformed measurements. Here we argue instead for a more direct approach, using a statistical model for…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-19 David Firth , Fiona Sammut

A new model validation and performance assessment tool is introduced, the sliding threshold of observation for numeric evaluation (STONE) curve. It is based on the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve technique, but instead of…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-07-17 Michael W. Liemohn , Abigail R. Azari , Natalia Ganushkina , Lutz Rastaetter

During the past sixty years, a lot of effort has been made regarding the productive efficiency. Such endeavours provided an extensive bibliography on this subject, culminating in two main methods, named the Stochastic Frontier Analysis…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-14 Anibal Galindro , Micael Santos , Delfim F. M. Torres , Ana Marta-Costa

We propose a novel method for fast and scalable evaluation of periodic solutions of systems of ordinary differential equations for a given set of parameter values and initial conditions. The equations governing the system dynamics are…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-05-30 I. Yu. Tyukin , A. N. Gorban , T. A. Tyukina , J. Al Ameri , Yu. A. Korablev

We revisit the classical problem of comparing regression functions, a fundamental question in statistical inference with broad relevance to modern applications such as data integration, transfer learning, and causal inference. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-29 Jian Yan , Zhuoxi Li , Yang Ning , Yong Chen

In some real world applications, such as spectrometry, functional models achieve better predictive performances if they work on the derivatives of order m of their inputs rather than on the original functions. As a consequence, the use of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-05-04 Fabrice Rossi , Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix

We introduce a new model of linear regression for random functional inputs taking into account the first order derivative of the data. We propose an estimation method which comes down to solving a special linear inverse problem. Our…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-16 André Mas , Besnik Pumo

Covariance estimation is essential yet underdeveloped for analyzing multivariate functional data. We propose a fast covariance estimation method for multivariate sparse functional data using bivariate penalized splines. The tensor-product…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-11 Cai Li , Luo Xiao , Sheng Luo

Modelling a large bundle of curves arises in a broad spectrum of real applications. However, existing literature relies primarily on the critical assumption of independent curve observations. In this paper, we provide a general theory for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-21 Shaojun Guo , Xinghao Qiao

The methods of obtaining the average spectral shape in a low statistics regime are presented. Different approaches to averaging are extensively tested with simulated spectra, based on the ASCA responses. The issue of binning up the spectrum…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Piotr Lubinski

Chernozhukov et al. (2018) proposed the sorted effect method for nonlinear regression models. This method consists of reporting percentiles of the partial effects in addition to the average commonly used to summarize the heterogeneity in…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-11-11 Shuowen Chen , Victor Chernozhukov , Iván Fernández-Val , Ye Luo

A significant problem with most functional data analyses is that of misaligned curves. Without adjustment, even an analysis as simple as estimation of the mean will fail. One common method to synchronize a set of curves involves equating…

Applications · Statistics 2007-12-18 Gareth M. James

The covariance of two random variables measures the average joint deviations from their respective means. We generalise this well-known measure by replacing the means with other statistical functionals such as quantiles, expectiles, or…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-22 Tobias Fissler , Marc-Oliver Pohle