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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in highly-specialized domains, however challenges are still present in aspects of accuracy and costs. These limitations restrict the usage of existing models in domain-specific tasks. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Iftach Arbel , Yehonathan Refael , Ofir Lindenbaum

General-purpose large language models (LLMs), despite their broad capabilities, often struggle with specialized domain knowledge. This gap hinders their deployment as reliable research agents in demanding fields such as astronomy. Building…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-23 Tijmen de Haan , Yuan-Sen Ting , Tirthankar Ghosal , Tuan Dung Nguyen , Alberto Accomazzi , Emily Herron , Vanessa Lama , Rui Pan , Azton Wells , Nesar Ramachandra

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) that are being applied to legal efforts have raised controversial questions about the existent restrictions imposed on the practice-of-law. Generally, the legal field has…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Lance Eliot

This study evaluates the performance of general-purpose AI, like ChatGPT, in legal question-answering tasks, highlighting significant risks to legal professionals and clients. It suggests leveraging foundational models enhanced by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Rohan Bhambhoria , Samuel Dahan , Jonathan Li , Xiaodan Zhu

Gaining insight into the potential negative impacts of emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in society is a challenge for implementing anticipatory governance approaches. One approach to produce such insight is to use Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Mowafak Allaham , Nicholas Diakopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) could struggle to fully understand legal theories and perform complex legal reasoning tasks. In this study, we introduce a challenging task (confusing charge prediction) to better evaluate LLMs' understanding of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Weikang Yuan , Junjie Cao , Zhuoren Jiang , Yangyang Kang , Jun Lin , Kaisong Song , tianqianjin lin , Pengwei Yan , Changlong Sun , Xiaozhong Liu

Automating the classification of negative treatment in legal precedent is a critical yet nuanced NLP task where misclassification carries significant risk. To address the shortcomings of standard accuracy, this paper introduces a more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 M. Mikail Demir , M. Abdullah Canbaz

Large Language Models(LLMs) have shown exceptional abilities, yet training these models can be quite challenging. There is a strong dependence on the quality of data and finding the best instruction tuning set. Further, the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Nikhil Kothari , Ravindra Nayak , Shreyas Shetty , Amey Patil , Nikesh Garera

As language models continue to grow larger, the cost of acquiring high-quality training data has increased significantly. Collecting human feedback is both expensive and time-consuming, and manual labels can be noisy, leading to an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xue Zhang

While recent advancements in commercial large language models (LM) have shown promising results in medical tasks, their closed-source nature poses significant privacy and security concerns, hindering their widespread use in the medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hyunjae Kim , Hyeon Hwang , Jiwoo Lee , Sihyeon Park , Dain Kim , Taewhoo Lee , Chanwoong Yoon , Jiwoong Sohn , Donghee Choi , Jaewoo Kang

Legal Artificial Intelligence (LegalAI) focuses on applying the technology of artificial intelligence, especially natural language processing, to benefit tasks in the legal domain. In recent years, LegalAI has drawn increasing attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Haoxi Zhong , Chaojun Xiao , Cunchao Tu , Tianyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied to law and a myriad of legal tasks amid attempts to bolster AI Legal Reasoning (AILR) autonomous capabilities. A major question that has generally been unaddressed involves how we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Lance Eliot

Recent advancements in language technology and Artificial Intelligence have resulted in numerous Language Models being proposed to perform various tasks in the legal domain ranging from predicting judgments to generating summaries. Despite…

A framework is proposed that seeks to identify and establish a set of robust autonomous levels articulating the realm of Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning (AILR). Doing so provides a sound and parsimonious basis for being able to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Lance Eliot

Availability of challenging benchmarks is the key to advancement of AI in a specific field.Since Legal Text is significantly different than normal English text, there is a need to create separate Natural Language Processing benchmarks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Prathamesh Kalamkar , Janani Venugopalan Ph. D. , Vivek Raghavan Ph. D

Traditional medical basic sciences educational approaches follow a one-size-fits-all model, neglecting the diverse learning styles of individual students. I propose an intelligent AI companion which will fill this gap by providing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Ritwik Raj Saxena

This paper aims to offer AI & Law researchers and practitioners a more detailed understanding of whether and how continued pre-training and instruction fine-tuning (IFT) of large language models (LLMs) on legal corpora increases their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Shaun Ho

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has successfully introduced standards for global mobility. However, the volume and complexity of these standards has increased over time, thus complicating access to relevant information for…

In this work, I discuss how Large Language Models can be applied in the legal domain, circumventing their current drawbacks. Despite their large success and acceptance, their lack of explainability hinders legal experts to trust in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Sabine Wehnert

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the performance of seven different Large Language Models (LLMs) in solving a diverse set of math advanced calculus problems. The study aims to evaluate these models' accuracy, reliability, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 In Hak Moon