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Recent works have shown promising results of prompt tuning in stimulating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, to the best of our knowledge, existing works focus on prompt-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yuan Yao , Bowen Dong , Ao Zhang , Zhengyan Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Leyu Lin , Maosong Sun , Jianyong Wang

Pre-trained large language models can efficiently interpolate human-written prompts in a natural way. Multitask prompted learning can help generalization through a diverse set of tasks at once, thus enhancing the potential for more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 M Saiful Bari , Aston Zhang , Shuai Zheng , Xingjian Shi , Yi Zhu , Shafiq Joty , Mu Li

Manually annotating data for computational social science tasks can be costly, time-consuming, and emotionally draining. While recent work suggests that LLMs can perform such annotation tasks in zero-shot settings, little is known about how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Shubham Atreja , Joshua Ashkinaze , Lingyao Li , Julia Mendelsohn , Libby Hemphill

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) often causes overfitting to specific prompt wording, where minor phrasing variations drastically reduce performance. To address this, we propose Prompt-Agnostic Fine-Tuning (PAFT), a method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Chenxing Wei , Yao Shu , Mingwen Ou , Ying Tiffany He , Fei Richard Yu

Effective prompt engineering is critical to realizing the promised productivity gains of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. Yet, many users struggle to craft prompts that yield high-quality outputs, limiting the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Niklas Gutheil , Valentin Mayer , Leopold Müller , Jörg Rommelt , Niklas Kühl

Large language models (LLMs) have shown excellent mastering of human language, but still struggle in real-world applications that require mathematical problem-solving. While many strategies and datasets to enhance LLMs' mathematics are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yifan Xu , Xiao Liu , Xinghan Liu , Zhenyu Hou , Yueyan Li , Xiaohan Zhang , Zihan Wang , Aohan Zeng , Zhengxiao Du , Wenyi Zhao , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Prompt-tuning has emerged as a promising method for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks or aligning with human preferences. Prompt learning is widely used in NLP but has limited applicability to RL due to the complex physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Shengchao Hu , Li Shen , Ya Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Medical image analysis using deep learning is often challenged by limited labeled data and high annotation costs. Fine-tuning the entire network in label-limited scenarios can lead to overfitting and suboptimal performance. Recently, prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Fan Bai , Ke Yan , Xiaoyu Bai , Xinyu Mao , Xiaoli Yin , Jingren Zhou , Yu Shi , Le Lu , Max Q. -H. Meng

Prompt tuning (PT) is a promising parameter-efficient method to utilize extremely large pre-trained language models (PLMs), which can achieve comparable performance to full-parameter fine-tuning by only tuning a few soft prompts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yusheng Su , Xiaozhi Wang , Yujia Qin , Chi-Min Chan , Yankai Lin , Huadong Wang , Kaiyue Wen , Zhiyuan Liu , Peng Li , Juanzi Li , Lei Hou , Maosong Sun , Jie Zhou

Visual prompt tuning (VPT) is a promising solution incorporating learnable prompt tokens to customize pre-trained models for downstream tasks. However, VPT and its variants often encounter challenges like prompt initialization, prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuzhu Wang , Lechao Cheng , Chaowei Fang , Dingwen Zhang , Manni Duan , Meng Wang

This study examines the effect of prompt engineering on the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in clinical note generation. We introduce an Automatic Prompt Optimization (APO) framework to refine initial prompts and compare the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zonghai Yao , Ahmed Jaafar , Beining Wang , Zhichao Yang , Hong Yu

Certain forms of linguistic annotation, like part of speech and semantic tagging, can be automated with high accuracy. However, manual annotation is still necessary for complex pragmatic and discursive features that lack a direct mapping to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Danni Yu , Luyang Li , Hang Su , Matteo Fuoli

Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing the adaptability of vision-language models by optimizing textual prompts using unlabeled test data. However, prior studies have observed that TPT often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Hyeonseo Jang , Jaebyeong Jeon , Joong-Won Hwang , Kibok Lee

Soft Prompt Tuning (SPT) is a parameter-efficient method for adapting pre-trained language models (PLMs) to specific tasks by inserting learnable embeddings, or soft prompts, at the input layer of the PLM, without modifying its parameters.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Fred Philippy , Siwen Guo , Shohreh Haddadan , Cedric Lothritz , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization but remain sensitive to domain shifts at test time. Test-time prompt tuning (TPT) mitigates this issue by adapting prompts with fixed augmentations, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuqing Lei , Yingjun Du , Yawen Huang , Xiantong Zhen , Ling Shao

Prompt-tuning is an emerging strategy to adapt large language models (LLM) to downstream tasks by learning a (soft-)prompt parameter from data. Despite its success in LLMs, there is limited theoretical understanding of the power of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Samet Oymak , Ankit Singh Rawat , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Christos Thrampoulidis

ChatGPT, as a recently launched large language model (LLM), has shown superior performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, two major limitations hinder its potential applications: (1) the inflexibility of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yucheng Shi , Hehuan Ma , Wenliang Zhong , Qiaoyu Tan , Gengchen Mai , Xiang Li , Tianming Liu , Junzhou Huang

Recent advances in large pre-trained language models (PLMs) lead to impressive gains in natural language understanding (NLU) tasks with task-specific fine-tuning. However, directly fine-tuning PLMs heavily relies on sufficient labeled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Canyu Chen , Kai Shu

Multi-step LLM pipelines can solve complex tasks, but jointly optimizing prompts across steps remains challenging due to missing step-level supervision and inter-step dependency. We propose ADOPT, an adaptive dependency-guided joint prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Minjun Zhao , Xinyu Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Deyang Li , Ruifeng Shi

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have greatly expanded the potential for automated code-related tasks. Two primary methodologies are used in this domain: prompt engineering and fine-tuning. Prompt engineering involves…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiho Shin , Clark Tang , Tahmineh Mohati , Maleknaz Nayebi , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati