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This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT) application that utilizes an AI classifier for fast-object detection using the frame difference method. This method, with its shorter duration, is the most efficient and suitable for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mas Nurul Achmadiah , Afaroj Ahamad , Chi-Chia Sun , Wen-Kai Kuo

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are capable of gathering abundant Earth observation data (EOD) to enable different Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, to accomplish an effective EOD processing mechanism, it is imperative to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Luyao Zou , Yu Min Park , Chu Myaet Thwal , Yan Kyaw Tun , Zhu Han , Choong Seon Hong

In this paper, we propose a terrestrial-satellite network (TSN) architecture to integrate the ultra-dense low earth orbit (LEO) networks and the terrestrial networks to achieve efficient data offloading. In TSN, each ground user can access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Boya Di , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Yonghui Li , Geoffrey Ye Li

Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are increasingly proposed for communication and in-orbit computing, achieving low-latency global services. However, their sustainability remains largely unexamined. This paper investigates the carbon…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Robin Ohs , Gregory F. Stock , Andreas Schmidt , Juan A. Fraire , Holger Hermanns

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks serve as a cornerstone infrastructure for providing ubiquitous connectivity in areas where terrestrial infrastructure is unavailable. With the emergence of Direct-to-Cell (DTC) satellites, these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Chaoyu Zhang , Hexuan Yu , Shanghao Shi , Shaoyu Li , Yi Shi , Eric Burger , Y. Thomas Hou , Wenjing Lou

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, characterized by their high data throughput and low latency, have gained significant interest from both industry and academia. Routing data efficiently within these networks is essential for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yi Ching Chou , Long Chen , Hengzhi Wang , Feng Wang , Hao Fang , Haoyuan Zhao , Miao Zhang , Xiaoyi Fan , Jiangchuan Liu

Recent advancements in low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites represented by large constellations and advanced payloads provide great promises for enabling beyond 5G and 6G telecommunications and high-quality and ubiquitous Internet connectivity…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Peng Hu

We expand the scope of cache memory to include LEO constellations, which are highly distributed systems with thousands of satellites connected with free-space optics inter-satellite links (ISL) always only one hop from any point on earth.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Thomas Sandholm , Sayandev Mukherjee , Lin Cheng , Bernardo A. Huberman

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mega-constellation networks aim to address the high connectivity demands with a projected 50,000 satellites in less than a decade. To fully utilize such a large-scale dynamic network, an air network composed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-28 Eray Güven , Güneş Karabulut Kurt

We investigate a multi-low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite system that simultaneously provides positioning and communication services to terrestrial user terminals. To address the challenges of accurately acquiring channel state information in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yuchen Zhang , Pinjun Zheng , Jie Ma , Henk Wymeersch , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

This paper presents an new approach for detecting in the electrical power system of satellites operating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) without an Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem (ADCS). Components of these systems are prone to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-21 Niloofar Nobahari , Alireza Rezaee

Space debris and inactive satellites pose a threat to the safety and integrity of operational spacecraft and motivate the need for space situational awareness techniques. These uncooperative targets create a challenging tracking and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Hannah Grauer , Elena-Sorina Lupu , Connor Lee , Soon-Jo Chung , Darren Rowen , Benjamen Bycroft , Phaedrus Leeds , John Brader

The construction of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations has recently attracted tremendous attention from both academia and industry. The 5G and 6G standards have identified LEO satellite networks as a key component of future…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jiasheng Wu , Shaojie Su , Wenjun Zhu , Xiong Wang , Jingjing Zhang , Xingqiu He , Yue Gao

Low latency and high synchronization among users are critical for emerging multi-user virtual interaction applications. However, the existing ground-based cloud solutions are naturally limited by the complex ground topology and fiber…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Jiahe Huang , Yifei Zhu

With the rapid expansion of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, thousands of satellites are now in operation, many equipped with onboard GNSS receivers capable of continuous orbit determination and time synchronization. This development…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Xing Liu , Xue Xian Zheng , José A. López-Salcedo , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Gonzalo Seco-Granados

In this paper, we focus on the use of Low-Eart Orbit (LEO) satellites providing the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) connectivity to the on-ground user equipment (UEs). Conventional resource allocation algorithms for the NBIoT systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 O. Kodheli , N. Maturo , S. Chatzinotas , S. Andrenacci , F. Zimmer

The rapid growth of IoT devices has led to an enormous amount of sensor data that requires transmission to cloud servers for processing, resulting in excessive network congestion, increased latency and high energy consumption. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Dora Krekovic , Mario Kusek , Ivana Podnar Zarko , Danh Le-Phuoc

Earth observation (EO) satellites produce massive streams of multispectral image time series, posing pressing challenges for storage and transmission. Yet, learned EO compression remains fragmented and lacks publicly available, large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Julen Costa-Watanabe , Isabelle Wittmann , Benedikt Blumenstiel , Konrad Schindler

Incorporating mobile edge computing (MEC) in Internet of Things (IoT) enables resource-limited IoT devices to offload their computation tasks to a nearby edge server. In this paper, we investigate an IoT system assisted by the MEC technique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Xuming An , Rongfei Fan , Han Hu , Ning Zhang , Saman Atapattu , Theodoros A. Tsiftsis

Low Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellation satellite networks have shown great potential to extend the coverage capability of conventional terrestrial networks. How to systematically define, quantify, and assess the technical performance of…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Yu Wang , Chuili Kong , Xian Meng , Hejia Luo , Ke-Xin Li , Jun Wang