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The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has significantly transformed the digital information landscape, making it increasingly challenging to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated content. Detecting LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Minjia Mao , Dongjun Wei , Xiao Fang , Michael Chau

Peer review is a critical process for ensuring the integrity of published scientific research. Confidence in this process is predicated on the assumption that experts in the relevant domain give careful consideration to the merits of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Sungduk Yu , Man Luo , Avinash Madasu , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

We conduct a large-scale, systematic study to evaluate the existing evaluation methods for natural language generation in the context of generating online product reviews. We compare human-based evaluators with a variety of automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Cristina Garbacea , Samuel Carton , Shiyan Yan , Qiaozhu Mei

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in late 2022 has impacted academic writing, threatening credibility, and causing institutional uncertainty. We seek to determine the degree to which LLMs are used to generate critical text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Soren DeHaan , Yuanze Liu , Johan Bollen , Sa'ul A. Blanco

Detecting texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) could cause grave mistakes due to incorrect decisions, such as undermining students' academic dignity. LLM text detection thus needs to ensure the interpretability of the decision,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Ayana Niwa , Preslav Nakov , Naoaki Okazaki

Given the growing use of generative artificial intelligence as a tool for creating multilingual content and bypassing both machine and traditional translation methods, this study explores the ability of linguistically trained individuals to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Michael Farrell

The adoption of natural language generation (NLG) models can leave individuals vulnerable to the generation of harmful information memorized by the models, such as conspiracy theories. While previous studies examine conspiracy theories in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Sharon Levy , Michael Saxon , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now capable of generating highly fluent, human-like text. They enable many applications, but also raise concerns such as large scale spam, phishing, or academic misuse. While much work has focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Swati Rallapalli , Shannon Gallagher , Ronald Yurko , Tyler Brooks , Chuck Loughin , Michele Sezgin , Violet Turri

Recent developments in natural language generation (NLG) using neural language models have brought us closer than ever to the goal of building AI-powered creative writing tools. However, most prior work on human-AI collaboration in the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Daphne Ippolito , Ann Yuan , Andy Coenen , Sehmon Burnam

In the post-Turing era, evaluating large language models (LLMs) involves assessing generated text based on readers' reactions rather than merely its indistinguishability from human-produced content. This paper explores how LLM-generated…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Takehiro Takayanagi , Hiroya Takamura , Kiyoshi Izumi , Chung-Chi Chen

Human evaluations are typically considered the gold standard in natural language generation, but as models' fluency improves, how well can evaluators detect and judge machine-generated text? We run a study assessing non-experts' ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Elizabeth Clark , Tal August , Sofia Serrano , Nikita Haduong , Suchin Gururangan , Noah A. Smith

The rapid development of autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved the quality of generated texts, necessitating reliable machine-generated text detectors. A huge number of detectors and collections with AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 German Gritsai , Anastasia Voznyuk , Andrey Grabovoy , Yury Chekhovich

This paper presents a systematic survey on recent development of neural text generation models. Specifically, we start from recurrent neural network language models with the traditional maximum likelihood estimation training scheme and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Sidi Lu , Yaoming Zhu , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang , Yong Yu

In recent times, significant advancements have been witnessed in the field of language models, particularly with the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) that are trained on vast amounts of data extracted from internet archives. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Sarthak Anand

AI generated content (AIGC) presents considerable challenge to educators around the world. Instructors need to be able to detect such text generated by large language models, either with the naked eye or with the help of some tools. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yikang Liu , Ziyin Zhang , Wanyang Zhang , Shisen Yue , Xiaojing Zhao , Xinyuan Cheng , Yiwen Zhang , Hai Hu

Advances in AI-generated content have led to wide adoption of large language models, diffusion-based visual generators, and synthetic audio tools. However, these developments raise critical concerns about misinformation, copyright…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lele Cao

Ever since the public release of ChatGPT in November 2022, serious concerns have been raised about the impact and potentially dire consequences of the increasingly widespread use of generative AI tools for purposes of scientific writing and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Paul G. Schmidt , Amnon J. Meir

The rapid rise of Generative AI (GenAI), particularly LLMs, poses concerns for journalistic integrity and authorship. This study examines AI-generated content across over 40,000 news articles from major, local, and college news media, in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Abolfazl Ansari , Delvin Ce Zhang , Nafis Irtiza Tripto , Dongwon Lee

As generative AI tools like ChatGPT enter classrooms, workplaces and everyday thinking, writing is at risk of becoming a formality -- outsourced, automated and stripped of its cognitive value. But writing is not just output; it is how we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Maria Marina , Alexander Panchenko , Vasily Konovalov

This survey provides an overview of the challenges of misspellings in natural language processing (NLP). While often unintentional, misspellings have become ubiquitous in digital communication, especially with the proliferation of Web 2.0,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Gianluca Sperduti , Alejandro Moreo